Gitay’s Isaiah & His Audience Essay Sample

This transition calls itself ???? ???? “song of my beloved. ” ??? may besides connote a male “friend. ” It is likely that this vocal was sung by the male friend. the prophesier Isaiah. of the aggrieved lover – the bridegroom. His darling friend owned a vinery ( 5 1 ) and did his all: uncluttering it of rock. seting it with vines of best quality. constructing a watch-tower within it. even carving a wine-vat inside it. Despite the beloved’s attempts. anticipating that the vines would bring forth all right grapes. it disappointingly produced wild grapes or “stinking” or “rotten things” alternatively ( 5 2 ) .

He so appealed to the dwellers of Jerusalem and Judah to do a opinion between him and his vinery ( 5 3-4 ) . Afterwards he declared that he would take its wall of protection over it. destruct it himself. and abandon it like a barren ( vv 5-6 ) . It is identified that the vinery is the house of Israel and that it belongs to the Lord of hosts who expected justness and righteousness but merely saw bloodshed and hurt ( 5 7 ) .

The prophesier now denounces the societal unfairnesss that are perpetrated in the land. The Lord will penalize those who illicitly extend their land. robbing the hapless of their rightful heritage ( vv 8-10 ) . The Lord will direct wassailers and those who disregard him to expatriate and to endure hungriness and thirst ( vv 11-13 ) . Their Lords will travel to their Gravess ( v 14 ) and the people will be humbled ( 5 15 ) . but the Lord of hosts will be exalted by justness and righteousness ( 5 16 ) . Those who make gibelike retorts impatiently naming on the Lord to transport out his programs are people whose opinions have been blurred ( 5 18-20 ) . seeing themselves as wise ( 5 21 ) ; and those who. due to their inebriation. have perverted justness with a monetary value ( vv 22-23 ) . These people will be destroyed for their rejecting and contemning the direction of the Lord of hosts ( v 24 ) .

The Lord. in his choler. will penalize his ain people ( v 25 ) by directing his agent from afar ( 5 26 ) . This ground forces will come fleetly ( 5 26 ) and to the full prepared for war ( vv 27-28 ) . This ground forces. whose “roaring is like a lion” ( 5 19. nrsv ) . will convey entire darkness. lay waste toing the land ( v 30 ) . THE RHETORICAL UNIT

The major issue in finding the rhetorical unit of the transition is whether the vocal ( vv 1-7 ) is connected to its following poetries. Due to the ??? “woes. ” 5:8-24 and 10:1-4 are considered linked together by their concern for societal unfairnesss and therefore belonging to a unit while 5:25-30 is considered to be separate for its covering with another subject – war. This may be explained. though. through a procedure of editing: the editor ( s ) combined both subdivisions covering with societal unfavorable judgment and military action. associating the subjects of misbehavior and penalty through war. And therefore spliting the transition should non be divided unnaturally due to ??? . for the prophet’s address besides contains other literary signifiers.

This vocal with its unfavorable judgment ends the first rhythm of societal unfavorable judgments which is followed by the prophet’s political unfavorable judgment in 6:1ff. He uses stylistic devices to catch the attending of his audience and employs poignancy to emotionally carry them peculiarly in his usage of ??? which alludes to decease. The prophet’s end is to indicate to the effect of their iniquitous actions – penalty and decease.

Isa 5:1-30. so. is one long and well-organized rhetorical unit. And the writer pays close attending to both organisation and argumentative address to turn out his point convincingly. The prophet’s reference may be divided into five parts:

1. Introduction ( vv 1-7 )
2. Statement of facts ( v 8 )
3. Confirmation ( vv 9-20 )
4. Refutation ( vv 21-24 )
5. Epilogue ( vv 25-30 )

The debut ( vv 1-7 ) may besides be described as the introductory narrative. supplying the listener or reader a basic lineation or mention. The statement of facts ( v 8 ) compactly states the state of affairs. i. e. the land is spoilt. Although non described and explained in item. the verification ( vv 9-20 ) states the consequence of their wickedness – penalty ( ??? . vv 13. 14 ) and God’s opinion utilizing spiritual linguistic communication ( 5 16 ) . The defense ( vv 21-24 ) repeats the ??? preparation in sequence and so followed by a longer poetry utilizing ??? and ?? for the counter-argument ( v 24 ) . The epilogue ( vv 25-30 ) concludes the message by showing a graphic image of an incursive ground forces for the intent of flooring the hearer. The prophesier works the audience up utilizing war as the topic. Analysis ON 5:1-7

Covering with the literary construction foremost. the vocal is alone and different in that. at surface degree. it seems unsophisticated. but upon near reading it is rather the opposite peculiarly in its aesthetic usage of the linguistic communication: it has both an exciting and uninspiring tone. The genre Isaiah uses in his discourse is introduced in 5:1 – a ???? “song” – which is familiar to the listeners of Isaiah. Other ???? in Isaiah. peculiarly 23:15-16 and 26:1. have manners that differ from their contexts: they have short two-word sentences and dyadic wordplaies. severally. Vv 1-7. nevertheless. is more than a ???? . That is why bookmans are divided on how to sort the ???? . though it is non important ; they classify the ???? either one of the three. viz. parable. fable. or fable. This ???? may be more suitably classified as a parable. What is more of import than specifying the genre is the map of this literary type. i. e. the relationship between the narrative and the audience or the impact of the narrative to the audience.

Therefore the literary type of this ???? may be identified as the masal which is a rhetorical scheme whose concern is the audience’s status. perceptual experience. and ain consciousness experience ; it is used efficaciously in spiritual discourse for the intent of altering attitudes. beliefs and life styles. by depicting the what but seeking to reply the more-profound why-questions. In seeking the reply to the inquiry of why Isaiah had to utilize the masal to carry his audience alternatively facing them straight. the rhetorical state of affairs should foremost be reconstructed to be able to reply Isaiah’s usage of the scheme. Therefore in add-on to Isaiah’s usage of vocals as scheme. he besides employs the technique of get downing with a genre that is familiar to his audience which he uses in this vocal. He normally uses the illustration ( or the exemplum ) as a rhetorical scheme to carry his audience of his place. The truth he holds. though. he does non show as a known fact but as a disclosure or a new manner of understanding issues ( californium. 1:2-3 and 5:1-7 ) .

He provides his audience with illustrations of ideal behavior forms and they should non be shocked with his usage of figures and address figure of speechs. The aim of the vocal is Isaiah’s unfavorable judgment on the societal state of affairs of that specific topographic point and clip. His statements are complex and its literary development corresponds to its environment. Isaiah’s hard rhetorical undertaking so. cognizing the significance of the cult but ignoring it. emphasiss on their moral-ethical behavior with its political-military effects. which is God’s standard for opinion. The moral-ethical issue is the kernel of Isaiah’s “political” message. He repeats the issues of behavior and justness and clarifies them with narratives. illustrations ( mirroring nature ) . comparings ( to natural phenomena ) . Isaiah. therefore. begins with his experience – ethos – alternatively of talking his point theoretically. “let me sing for my beloved” ( 5 1 ) . He applies the narrative to a specific biographical state of affairs or personal experience. implying allegorical characteristics of the vocal and necessitating the audience an appropriate reading whose significance is determined by its literary context. Isaiah’s get downing with the cohortative ????? “Let me sing” is effectual in underscoring his finding and personal involvement. He is seeking to pull his audience’s attending both by signifier and stylistic devices.

Structurally 5 2 is short but is full of agricultural inside informations. The intent on inside informations is non merely to build an reliable agricultural scene but besides to emphasize on the feelings of ungratefulness and choler. It may besides be observed that on surface reading. there is a deficiency of harmoniousness in 5 2. But upon near reading. vv 2 to 6 is a symmetricalness. Linguistically his usage of hapax legomena and usual combinations suggest a rhetorical purpose. i. e. for assortment and avoid cliche . modus operandi. and the familiar. Another rhetorical technique is his usage of sound consequence through wordplaies and initial rhyme: ????? ( my friend ) and ???? ( my beloved ) in V 1 ; and. vowel rhyme and initial rhyme in the series ??????–??????–?????? in V 2. Content-wise. the series of verbs give a sense of continuity and urgency. Both verbs ?????? “deep-digging/hoeing” and ?????? “clearing stones” imply difficult labor before ?????? “planting. ”

The purpose is to fix for the immense letdown and feeling of treachery after all the labor and readying. The edifice of the watch-tower. which is made of rock. stands higher. and better compared to the booth in 1:8. connotes power and requires money and difficult labor. Its permanency besides signifies the owner’s hope of a great output ( 5 2 ) . The unusual watch-tower-vineyard combination is besides another technique for interrupting modus operandi. The verb ??? “hewed” besides connotes confidence and assurance of the proprietor. The three-line construction. alternatively of the two-line construction. missing a parallel. gives a sense of sudden feeling of unfulfilment. All these leads to a feeling of defeat. letdown. and failure. The turning-point in V 3 ???? “and now” connotes an statement between lovers naming for opinion. Further turning-point. i. e. the transportation to the first individual. is an knowing rhetoric device called aversio-apostrophe which intends to give new life to the character by turning the address to a new individual. This device allows Isaiah to face his audience bit by bit by first concealment himself behind his beloved and so to look as an opposition at the right minute. This technique eschews a direct confrontation with his audience which would hold instantly dismissed him. Therefore by first concentrating the attending on a 3rd individual. he was able to bit by bit switch the focal point to himself and be involved straight.

In V 5. the series of verbs in infinitive absolute. viz. ??? “remove. ” ??? “devoured/grazed. ” ??? “break. ” ???? “trampled. ” is a rhetorical devise used for accent. Its effect in V 6 is characteristic of the linguistic communication of Isaiah. Other devices for consequence and contrast of footings are used as good. viz. vowel rhyme ???/???? “briers” and “thistles” ; and wordplaies or pun ????/???? “equity/righteousness” and “iniquity/cry. ” and ????/???? “justice” and “injustice/bloodshed. ”

To reason the subdivision. Isaiah’s focal point on the unfairness motive ( in the first five chapters ) is due to the immense chasm between God’s ethical demands and people’s pattern. Because of this Isaiah’s trouble in carrying and acquiring his audience’s attending is seen in his use of rhetorical scheme and devices. The masal is a rhetorical scheme used to arouse the audience’s ain consciousness experience. And since the vocal is a merchandise of the societal unfavorable judgment of its topographic point and clip. it should be studied in its context. ANALYSIS ON 5:8-24

Isaiah’s chief reference begins in V 8 which is made up of a series six ??? conveying deep disappoint of the vineyard-owner. The chief reference ends at V 24. The owner’s disappoint is first mentioned in the latter portion of V 7. “he expected justness ( ???? ) . but saw bloodshed ( or “injustice. ” ???? ) ; righteousness ( or “equity. ” ???? ) . but heard a call ( or “iniquity. ” ???? ) .

V 8 is the direct reply to v 7. the statement of fact. the larceny of belongings. Land ownership is a right ( Lev 25:23-34 ; californium. 1 Kgs 21:1-29 ) . and the societal elite should honor and vouch this scriptural right. Though Isaiah does non travel into inside informations as to how the land-grabbing was done. he employs a dynamic linguistic communication for consequence: ????? “joining/extending. ” and ?????? “adding/joining” creates a feeling of continuance. Thus the consequence is an ambiance of exigency and action in the present. The feeling of action is further increased by the chiastic construction of V 8 where the Centre of the line is constructed by a two-noun repeat of ??? “house” and ??? “field/land. ” He avoids stereotyping and uses repeat to make play in his proclamation on both nouns and verbs. His stylistic description keeps his audience focused on the issue of the spoilage of the land. The hophal verb ??????? ( v 8b ) connotes a new state of affairs. indicating to feelings of “pride” and “happiness” in the proprietors who think that they are merely 1s brooding in the land. The statement of fact. though is the direct reply. is non delivered utilizing nonsubjective linguistic communication because the mourning-formula ??? points to the hereafter of the new proprietors.

The verification begins in V 9 utilizing a rhetorical device – an eclipsis: literally v 9 reads. ????? ???? ????? “in my ears the Lord of hosts. ” The egg-shaped sentence misses a verb to make the impression of spontaneousness and so genuineness. If Isaiah inserted a verb. it would hold come off as conventional. In add-on. the focal point on God’s talking straight to the prophet’s ear strengthens Isaiah’s ethos as his appointed prophesier. adding rhetorical force. Isaiah so argues utilizing authorization. i. e. an authorization – God. recognized by his audience and therefore incontestable.

Isaiah. now in V 9. declares the penalty and opinion in a distinguishable mode – the linguistic communication of curse. The linguistic communication of curse precludes his message from being refuted in progress. i. e. his message that one can non shun the penalty of God. The curse confirms the promise utilizing the ??-?? combination. “surely. ” The penalty is that both the houses taken illicitly by the higher societal category and the new occupants will be desolated and driven off. The word ??? “desolate” describes the destiny of the houses and connotes horror and confusion. The usage of the adjective-pair ?????? ????? “large and beautiful/splendid” is to increase the consequence. Likewise. the decision of V 9 utilizing ???? ???? is for consequence. using the negative – antimachus – as an advantage to let “the topic to run indefinitely. ”

The production output in V 10. an illustration from nature or agribusiness. reveals an absurdness which now calls for a comparing with the vocal. In the vocal. the vinery was a letdown. and in 5 10 the penalty is confirmed with a crop that is virtually nil. It is interesting to observe that the illustration utilizing natural or agricultural phenomena is self-evident and therefore incontrovertible.

Isaiah ( vv 11-12 ) returns to assail the societal group. knocking their manner of life as empty. Structurally vv 11 to 12 is full of sound effects. The initial rhyme of the verbs ?????? – ???? – ??? – ?????? links them together by the ? sound. As good. the verbs in the decision features vowel rhyme: ???? – ????? . Interestingly the difference in sound consequence reflects the makeup of vv 11-12: their love of wine vis-a-vis their respect for God.

The six ??? “woes” is a series naming down the offenses of the higher category. though the series itself is non simply a list ; it presents a development from their societal offense ( in the statement of fact in 5 8 ) to their spiritual wickedness – their empty iniquitous patterns. viz. their suppressing the lower category and rejecting the instructions of God. This development maps rhetorically indicating to God’s political opinion – their expatriate ( 5 13a ) . The expatriate is a message to them that God is sovereign over them both politically and militarily. The ??? ???? “for deficiency of knowledge” ( 5 13a ) points out that they fail to understand their existent status and therefore implies that they do non even cognize the true ground for their military failure and expatriate.

Isaiah uses the perfect tense for ??? “to uncover” or “go to exile” ( v 13a ) to rhetorically convey the impression of fulfillment. For effectual bringing. he reaffirms his relationship with them by his utilising ??? “my people” ( 5 13a ) to state his audience that he is a portion of the state. and sympathizes with them. therefore deriving their assurance. V 13b describes the hungriness and thirst utilizing a hapax legomenon ??? and an equivocal word ??? . There is an initial rhyme. excessively. ??? – ??? to stress the feeling of thirst. Both there rhetorical devices causes the audience to concentrate on both sound and significance.

Still linked to v 13 on the expatriate. the verb in ?????? “Sheol has enlarged its appetency. ” a Hiphil perfect. may be considered as perfectum confidentiae which states “facts which are undoubtedly at hand and hence. in the imaginativeness of the talker already accomplished. ” Another possibility is that the temblor that has already happened and his audience is to the full cognizant of the event.

The map of the double motive of the expatriate and temblor concerns the usage of subject of devastation. non beliing the other. but reflecting the state of affairs as a prostration in toto. Rhetorically this device is called an expolitio or exergasia which intends to “dwell on the same subject and yet seems to state something new…” Since Isaiah’s chief subject is God’s penalty. he is taking the chance to keep the attending of the audience refering the two events of the expatriate and the temblor non as issues themselves but as illustrations of the effect of their actions. The impression of God’s penalty is non axiomatic to his audience and therefore he had to utilize every agency to acquire his message across: the ??? “therefore” is repeated twice to carry the audience. As good. in position of the perfectum confidentiae. the use of the enthymeme statement is seen in the happening of the two events.

The repeat of ???? “multitude” in vv 13-14 connects the natural catastrophe in V 13 and the political state of affairs in 5 14. The feminine postfix refers to Jerusalem. The perfect verbs are adjusted to rime with ??? which besides harmoniously rhymes with the adjectives ???? “splendour/glory. ” ????? “multitude/throng. ” and ????? “din. ” except for ??? “revelry/jubilant. ” ??? is alone in signifier and sound and corresponds to ???? . ???? . and ??? . and therefore catch the attending of the audience.

In 5 15. unlike in V 14. Isaiah wants to emphasize the impact of penalty and therefore uses a series of verbs. non in harmonious rimes. to stress on the actions itself. The verbs are in waw back-to-back: ???? “bow down. ” and ????? “brought low. ” There is initial rhyme. excessively. that holds the verbs together: ????? . ???? . and ?????? . Isaiah besides limited his vocabulary by utilizing ??? two times. Again. the repeat is intended to keep the audience’s attending. Interestingly. to avoid over-repetition the tenses are varied: waw back-to-back perfect. progressive. and the singular is changed to plural. ?????? – ????? . In add-on the repeat of ??? ( v 16 ) increases the verb which contrasts God to human existences ????? “exalted. ” Both the series of verbs and the repeat intends to convey the humbleness of worlds and their ineptitude in contrast to God. particularly in the in writing usage of ??? vis-a-vis ??? . which is the rhetorical end of V 15.

The rubric of God in 5 16 ????? ???? “Lord of hosts” calls to mind the military-might of God. Thingss did non turn out as expected when military action did non happen but alternatively ???? “justice” and ???? “righteousness” were referred to. It is interesting that the might of God is expressed in footings of moral-ethical constructs. and non military strength. This rhetorical device. the spread between the audience’s outlook and the speaker’s fulfillment of them. provokes wonder and psychological consciousness. which consequences in the particular attending of the audience. enabling the talker to efficaciously convey his message.

The subjects in both 5 7 and v 16 are the same: ???? “justice” and ???? “righteousness” which are really the nucleus of Isaiah’s message in both statement of fact and the verification. The offense of the people are injustice and unrighteousness. The importance of the relationship between cultic sanctity. ???? “holy” and ???? “justice” and ???? “righteousness” should be stressed here. The “holy” is achieved through justness and righteousness. and non through fright: God demands moral-ethical behavior.

Isaiah maximizes the rhetorical impact by conveying the badness of God’s penalty – devastation ( 5 17 ) . His sanctity is embodied in footings of justness and righteousness which entails their conforming to his moral-ethical codification. As a prophesier. he attempts to carry them utilizing the graphical image of a military ruin. He uses the rhetorical scheme of the tenseness between the expected and the unexpected in his pastoral description in V 17a and so all of a sudden turn to a black scene in 5 17b.

Though Isaiah does non hold new stuff to add. he once more uses repeat through the ??? series where it picks up once more in V 18 implying bereavement and decease. The old ??? series have a form of vividly depicting Isaiah’s unfavorable judgments against their offenses ( v 8 ) and misbehaviour ( v 11 ) utilizing non-metaphoric linguistic communication. The “new” ??? series get downing from 5 18. nevertheless. is metaphorical. since Isaiah has already communicated his message and now he intends to embroider it with symbolism. The direct accusal ( 5 19 ) instantly follows the cords-and-cart-rope metaphor ( 5 18 ) . The 1s criticized ?????? “who say” by Isaiah jeeringly challenge God. Isaiah’s response to them is God will penalize the peculiar societal category. The words Isaiah used ( 1 ) ???? “work/deed” which is a parallel to ??? “work/deed” in V 12b is taken as the nucleus or the kernel of life. and ( 2 ) ??? “counsel” or “plan” refers to the advocate of God. i. e. His carry throughing His intent in history and political relations. Isaiah’s audience was disputing the issue of life’s intent. that life has no significance. God does non move. and therefore they indulge ( vv 11-12 ) . The prophet’s message. nevertheless. is that there is effects for their actions. either wages and penalty.

The series of verbs in V 19. ???? “hasten/make hastiness. ” ????? “speed/hurry. ” ????? “approach/draw near. ” and ?????? “come. ” is an indicant of the challenge of Isaiah’s oppositions. Here he could non nail a specific offense and hence alters his statement from an cause-and-effect attack to an enthymeme: he foremost describes their life’s nonsense and so lists down their statement. portraying in progress those who challenge God as meaningless and therefore their statement. excessively. as meaningless. Consequently he can merely cite them without needfully holding to rebut their statements. Isaiah employs a developed form in vv 20-25 where he repeats the chorus ( vv 24-25 ) but with a fluctuation vis-a-vis vv 13-14. The ??? in V 21 is short and is followed by another ??? which is expanded with ??? “therefore” ( v 24 ) and ??-?? “therefore” ( v 25 ) . In vv 13 and 14. the same ??? was used.

Isaiah’s employment of the ??-?? fluctuation prevents it from sounding hackneyed. V 20 is peculiarly interesting for its three-line building alternatively of two which. on surface reading. is similar to the construction of vv 18-19 holding a ??? with three lines. The difference is vv 18-19 is described with their void or falsity while in 5 20. there is no indicant of their destiny and so followed by a new series of ??? that helps construct up the flood tide. Isaiah uses three braces: good versus immorality. light versus darkness. and sweet versus bitter. The first rhetorical technique in 5 20 is the usage of convention and contrast by the talker. making absurdness. The 2nd scheme is utilizing merely a limited figure of vocabulary. viz. ?????? “say” and the repeat of ???? “put. ” The 3rd is the chiastic order which enables Isaiah to reiterate his words in reversed order. increasing the consequence of the absurdness. In vv 21-22. Isaiah dramatizes the impact of the penalty. catastrophe and decease through the rhetorical device of anaphora or repetitio. by the repeat of ??? in sequence.

In comparing to the ??? V 14 ( which is the 2nd ??? . the first ??? is in 5 13 ) which contains a metaphor. the poetry before it. v 13. nowadayss the penalty of expatriate foremost ; whereas the ??? in the decision in V 24. it is the opposite: it gives the metaphor foremost and so the statement of penalty. The ground for this is that at the terminal of the ??? series. it is no longer necessary to reason and exemplify further after using a metaphor. Using a metaphor can avoid farther debate. The intent of the graphic metaphors in V 24 is to stir the audience’s emotions. Alliteration is used. dominated by the ? sound: ?? “stubble. ” ?? “fire. ” ??? “chaff. ” ???? ?? “tongue of fire. ” Here the ? sound is “in parallel” with the firing action of the stubble. Their root is described utilizing ?? “smell of decay” or “musty smell” which is slightly working with ?? . Their flower is compared to vanishing dust. The point of all this is. like a fire that burns the stubble. so is the void of Isaiah’s oppositions. The accusal ( ground ) so is explicitly stated in V 24c. “ [ F ] or they have rejected the direction ( ???? ) of the Lord of hosts. and have despised the word of the Holy One of Israel. ” ( nrsv ) ANALYSIS ON 5:25-30

Vv 25-30 vividly concludes Isaiah’s reference. With the intent of carrying and making the audience. vv 25-30 maps as the epilogue of the reference ; it is portion of the Isaiah’s reference and there is no ground to handle it as a ulterior add-on. Hence. the flow of the reference begins with God’s intercession in the vocal. it moves to the ??? series. and so dramatically ends with the epilogue.

Isaiah designed his reference to make an impact. i. e. to show that the political state of affairs is the direct response of God – the consequence – to the wickedness and misbehavior of the societal elite. The decision is that of a actual military invasion. as cogent evidence of God’s penalty.

The verbs in perfect tense in V 25 indicates that the enemy has already invaded Judah: ??? “kindled. ” ??? “stretch. ” ????? “strike” or “smite. ” and ?????? “quake. ” The ??-?? gives the ground for the invasion. Interestingly Isaiah combines the Acts of the Apostless of adult male and nature in the war and temblor ( v 25b ) vis-a-vis vv 13-14.

In footings of manner there is a decussation between v 25a and 5 25c:

????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????

?? “anger” ( v 25a )
??? “he stretched out” ( 5 25a )
??? “his hand” ( 5 25a )
??? “his anger” ( 5 25c )
??? “his hand” ( 5 25c )
????? “he stretched out” ( 5 25c )

Since the description of the enemy is stereotyped. Isaiah provides inside informations to give a feeling of world so as non to disregard his menace if he merely hold provided a general description. V 27 contains a concatenation of negatives ??? and ?? to enable Isaiah to depict the enemy freely without bounds. i. e. to energy and finding of the enemy to do war. The first concatenation uses the atom ??? : ?? ????-???? ???-??? gives a sense of haste. The other is a verbal concatenation utilizing the negative ?? : ???? ??? ???? ?? .

The verbs are in the imperfect tense and so gives a sense of continuity. though the gait slows down and non sporadic. still the enemy’s assault goes on continuously. The synonymia ???? and ???? makes the act more emphasized. The vowel rhyme between ???? and ?? in vv 26b and 27a nothings in on the enemy. enabling Isaiah to depict them in item. Isaiah besides developed his descriptions utilizing a concatenation of concepts: ????? ???? “sandal-strap” and ????? ???? “waist-cloth/band. ” Further. the alteration in tense to the perfect in 5 27b from the progressive in 5 27a gives a sense of achievement and color. Note that Isaiah bit by bit moved into Fuller descriptive sentences to allow the audience focal point on the motion. signifier. and context.

Combination of concepts ????? and ????? in V 27b is rather common ( cf. Deut 25:9. 10 ; Isa 20:2 ) linked to a wholly unrelated point. Isaiah uses vocabulary both conventionally and unconventionally. utilizing familiar vocabulary and doing distinguishable word-combinations to do his audience focal point on his message.

A series of three ??? “growl” makes up vv 29b-30a. portraying an assailing king of beasts. No-one will be at that place to deliver the victims from the lion’s fatal onslaught ( 5 29b ) . The darkness-metaphor is rather different from the lion-metaphor in V 29. Although it has been suggested that V 30 is a ulterior add-on mentioning to Judah’s autumn in 587 bc. Isaiah combined both the natural phenomenon and the military invasion to show God’s engagement. When God intervenes. there is “chaos. a reversal of order… visible radiation dominated by darkness. the terminal of civilisation. ” Isaiah’s end is to “shake the audience ; the catastrophe. penalty. is close at manus. ” CONCLUSION

Isaiah 5:1-30 is a well-designed. complex discourse made up of three parts. viz. ( 1 ) the debut ( vv 1-7 ) . ( 2 ) the chief reference ( vv 8-24 ) . and ( 3 ) the epilogue ( vv 25-30 ) . Isaiah’s end is to efficaciously carry his audience through his message that their political problems did non happen for no ground at all. but is the effect of their wickedness – their ethical offenses – against the lower societal category: there is cause and consequence for their moral-ethical misbehavior.

Isaiah had to cover with powerful. doubting oppositions and convey a message that is difficult to get down. Isaiah starts his entreaty by presenting a parable-song to pull his audience. He so makes his accusals utilizing the ??? expression. reprobating the higher category for both their moral-ethical misbehaviors and their spiritual agnosticism. He criticized them for their near-sightedness and apathy for the present. and their ignoring God’s hereafter opinion through political hurt and military invasion.

Isaiah ends his reference with an in writing portraiture of God’s at hand penalty using an incursive ground forces. nature. and a natural phenomenon. conveying the possibility of return of past events.

Isaiah non merely utilised manner and signifier. viz. the masal and ??? preparation. severally. to do his entreaty. As good. he used – ethos – the ethical entreaty or “artistic proof” to carry his audience that he is the Lord’s appointed prophesier and is authorized by God to present his message.