Sexual Harassment Laws Should Not Be Abolished Essay Sample
Laws that regulate sexual torment were established for good ground. and without them it would present major jobs to anyone involved in such activity. Almost all companies. authorities bureaus. colleges and organisations have some type of policy in topographic point sing sexual torment. Sexual torment is defined as: “a type of employment favoritism dwelling in verbal or physical maltreatment of a sexual nature” ( Encyclopedia of Everyday Law ) . Over the old ages the basic lineation of what is considered sexual torment has been explored. along with what needs to be done to forestall it.
The histories of sexual torment Torahs are non really old. Up until the 1970’s sexual torment was unheard of. largely due to the fact that adult females did non keep a immense function in the workplace. However as the sum of adult females increased in the “male” workplace. the demand for sexual torment Torahs became evident. The Civil Rights Act of 1964. rubric VII prohibited favoritism by employers and organisations with 15 or more full clip employees. and by the mid 1970’s the tribunals began to accept sexual torment as a signifier of gender favoritism. Since the 1970’s in tribunals have continued broadened their reading of what is considered sexual torment under jurisprudence. every bit good as some exclusions. Since the creative activity of sexual torment Torahs at that place has been several statements against the Torahs in topographic point. The counterarguments of sexual torment Torahs range from false accusals to freedom of address issues. A job with sexual torment Torahs. like any other jurisprudence. there will be some cases were accusals are either misconstrued or blatantly false. Table 1 shows sexual torment charges to employers. in 1997. about 40 % of EEOC reported instances were administrative closings. and 41. 4 % no sensible cause.
An administrative closing is when a instance is closed for administrative grounds including “charging party petitions backdown of a charge without having benefits or holding resolved the issue” ( Definitions of Footings ) . No sensible cause is when the EEOC determines that there is no grounds to turn out sexual torment occurred but bear downing party still has right to convey suit in federal tribunal or private tribunal ( Definitions of Footings ) . Relatively. the per centum of administrative closings in 2011 dropped to 21 % . while there was a rise in the figure of instances with no sensible cause ensuing in a 53 % . Table 1 suggests that there is inclination that persons claim sexual torment when there was none. A false accusal causes terrible injury to the person accused. particularly with regard to a pupil impeaching a instructor. Regardless of how pathetic a claim may be can still take a long clip.
During this long. dearly-won. nerve-racking. drawn-out look intoing procedure to confute the allegation can hold a negative impact on 1s repute and calling. subject or possible occupation loss. The repute of a instructor is closely linked to their ability to be successful. False claims can besides do higher fiscal branchings to companies that already spent $ 52. 30 million. non including non including any costs spent in judicial proceedings or nondisclosure colonies. in 2011 ( Table 2 ) . Some houses or companies. particularly good named 1s. have settled instances. even when cognition of the claim is false. out of tribunals because the procedure of uncluttering their name would be more dearly-won. This could be ground for why there is an addition in “no sensible cause” by the EEOC. False accusals. the high pecuniary costs to employers/accused persons. and the personal costs to the accused persons associated with sexual torment Torahs are non merely the statements people can do.
Some will give an statement that sexual torment impedes on freedom of address given by the fundamental law. Some legal bookmans. like Eugene Volokh. have raised concerns about rigorous torment Torahs hindering on free address. Volokh stated. “Sexual torment jurisprudence sometimes punish address that’s at the nucleus of First Amendment protection” ( p. 57 ) . The First Amendment protects 1s right to speech freely but people like Volokh argue that sexual torment Torahs hinder this constitutional right. In the article Sexual Politics Volokh was quoted stating “What’s truly debatable is when you’re speaking about enforcing liability for speech” . Sexual torment Torahs can be debatable to 1s ability to pattern free address. runs the hazard of false allegations. and can high pecuniary and personal. like lose of repute. costs. With all those possible jobs. sexual torment Torahs serves a cardinal intent to protect the civil rights non merely adult females but besides work forces. So the rights it’s made to protect out manner the possible job they may do.
The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ( EEOC ) has divided sexual torment into two different types. Quid Pro Quo and Hostile-environment. Quid Pro Quo or “this for that” torment is the easiest sort of sexual torment to turn out. It involves an employer or other individual in a place of power. demanding sexual favours in return for some type of promotion. normally in the workplace. In order to turn out that Quid Pro Quo torment has taken topographic point. the victim must demo that they were subjected to unwanted. unasked sexual behavior. Hostile-environment torment is created when an employee is subjected to unwelcome verbal/physical sexual behaviour that is either utmost or widespread. Hostile-environment torment includes ; sexual gags. adult images. repeated invitations to travel on day of the months. nevertheless there is no menace to one’s employment position. This signifier of torment is most popular in tribunals but the most hard to turn out. due to the sum of variables that can find hostile environment torment.
Thousands of instances covering with sexual torment are brought up each twelvemonth. but some have set the criterion for how tribunals respond. Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson decided in 1986 marked the first clip the Supreme Court considered sexual torment instance under rubric VII. This tribunal instance involved a female bank employee who allegedly was forced to hold sex with her supervisor. afraid that she would lose her occupation if she refused. The Supreme Court ruled that she had a instance against her former employer on the footing of hostile-environment sexual torment. The facts were “plainly sufficient to province a claim for hostile environment every bit good as a claim for quid pro quo sexual harassment” ( Encyclopedia of Everyday Law ) . This was a landmark for sexual torment rights. because it established legal legitimacy for both types of torment.
Harris v. Forklift Systems. Inc. 1993. was the following landmark instance for sexual torment Torahs. A director at Forklift Systems claimed to hold been capable to many uninterrupted sexual remarks by the president of the company. and was forced to discontinue her occupation because of it. The inquiry left for the tribunal was whether or non she suffered touchable psychological hurt or was this misconduct adequate to turn out hostile environment sexual torment. In the terminal it was found that she did endure from the torment laid upon her by upper direction. This instance was monumental in the widening of sexual torment Torahs. doing it easier for complainants to turn out injury brought on by such torment. The instance Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services. Inc. marked the confirmation on same-sex sexual torment instances. The tribunal decided in this instance that same-sex torment violates title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. All of these instances are really of import to the history of sexual torment Torahs. every bit good as the present and without them sexual torment Torahs may non be every bit good defined as they are today. Sexual torment in schools has become an increased job. from instructor to pupil. or student-to-student the instances keep lifting. Under Title IX. the Education Amendments of 1972. which forbids gender favoritism in educational plans. has been used in many instances to protect annoyed persons.
In 1999 Davis vs. Monroe County Board of Education helped to better the instruction amendment by including protection against student-to-student torment. A fellow male schoolmate repeatedly harassed an 11-year-old miss who was good pupil. and a happy kid. The miss told her instructor and chief legion times about the torment and no action was taken. Her female parent as good called and expressed her concern about the state of affairs ; it took 3 months of calls merely to acquire the instructor to travel her daughter’s place off from the male childs. Finally it had gone so far that the miss became down. her classs dropped. and her male parent even found a suicide note. Her household took the instance to the Supreme Court and won under Title IX. because the torment affected the misss schooling and made her fright being in school. In 2000. Ray and Ray vs. Antioch Unified School District. a male pupil was sexually harassed because of his “perceived” sexual orientation. This instance was covered under Title IX every bit good. due to the nature of the harassing is about sex. although there was no specific sexual behavior made. Snelling v. Fall Mountain Regional School.
District in 2001 brought to indicate that “sex-based stereotypes of masculinity” is besides covered in Title IX. When two brothers being sexually harassed in school brought the state of affairs to the principal and overseer and no action was taken the brothers filed a case against the school. The tribunal ruled in favour of the Snelling’s because the school had presentment of the torment and did nil even though the torment continued to acquire worse. Sexual Bullying has become a major job in schools all around the U. S. One instance right here in Williamsville. NY Jamey Rodemeyer. 14. was sexually bullied for oppugning his sexual orientation. His self-destruction became a national concern with sexual intimidation ; his narrative non merely hit in the schools world but well-known famous persons took a base for him every bit good. The intimidation didn’t merely go on in school it progressed to online where anon. responses made it possible to hassle him in his ain place. Another instance in California besides became national which prompted California to go through a new jurisprudence. “Seth’s” Law. after the instance of Seth Welsh. 13. who committed self-destruction every bit good for being sexual harassed in school about his sexual orientation.
The California jurisprudence now requires schools to turn to these jobs and do certain it is known that sexually strong-arming against sexual orientation is unacceptable. If sexual torment Torahs were abolished in the U. S. there is the opportunity of schools still supplying their ain regulation’s to protect pupils from sexual torment but what about all the instances that the schools ignore or seek to conceal. Just as in the instances stated above. these victims had to convey their instances to Supreme Court merely excessively really be heard. The immature miss whose whole life was affected because of her harasser may hold made that suicide note a world if her instance couldn’t be taken a measure farther to Supreme Court. Sexual torment isn’t merely touching or doing moves on the opposite sex. it besides involves torturing others utilizing either spoken or composing words. That happens with the same sex. as shown in the instance of Ray and Ray vs. Unified school District. opposite sex. unknown sexes ; any sort of sexes. sexual torment continues to prevail.
Sexual intimidation in schools has truly gone overboard particularly because of engineering. the cyberspace has made it much easier to hassle people in general any clip of twenty-four hours. any topographic point they want. No individual should hold to travel through school feeling insecure. for the two immature male childs. Jamey and Seth. they did but they didn’t go that following measure and file charges against the school for non making anything about the torment. Although it’s excessively late for them they did impact the state and schools all about to make stronger Torahs and ordinances against that type of sexual torment. Sexual torment is an on-going job in the United States today. and without the right statute law the instances of sexual torment would increase to an astronomical extent. Sexual torment was at its extremum in the 1990’s. but late it has been in the intelligence once more. but this clip the focal point is on new statute law that will assist forestall sexual torment from go oning. every bit good as many instances being brought to the public’s attending. One major job with sexual torment and why we need stronger new statute law that is enforced is the job of sexual assault in the armed forces. This on-going job has been go oning more and more since the 1990’s with the authorities making nil about these ailments.
There are adult females out at that place giving their lives to contend for their state and they end up being sexually assaulted legion times while on responsibility. and normally by a superior officer. Sargent Smith had a 17-year calling with the U. S. Armed Forces executing assorted undertakings for the combatant squadrons ; Sergeant Smith said. “She had endured repeated sexual assaults and torment. ” She besides said “she has decided to talk out now after maintaining soundless for many old ages because senior officers were involved or appeared to digest improper behaviour by combatant pilots. one if the military’s most elect groups. ” The Air Force is turning a blind oculus to the sexual onslaughts and torment against adult females. claims Smith. and this is true because adult females that are presently in service and don’t feel comfy talking out because they want to stand out in their occupation. Defense Secretary Leon E. Panetta eventually acknowledged in 2012 that the figure of sexual assaults in the armed forces is far higher than the official statistics show. because so many state of affairss are covered up.
Where more than 3. 000 instances of sexual torment in the armed forces were reported in 2011 there could hold been every bit many as 19. 000 instances of sexual torment that were non reported. Every one in three adult females in the armed forces are sexually assaulted. where the mean civilian non in any military forces the statistics are one in six. A 2011 Labor Department study concluded that “Despite the execution of bar plans and improved coverage mechanisms. female soldiers continue to see sexual torment and assault and are loath to describe incidents. ” Kimberly Davis a victim of colza while assigned to Stewart Air National Guard Base in New York reported being raped and after she reported this to the officers on base. many of them including the officer that was assigned to assist her with her sexual assault job. conspired to cover up the episode. Davis said. “The sexual assault plan in the Air Force is a gag. ” There have even been instances where adult females are hit and ill-mannered remarks are made towards them. and when these adult females come frontward with ailments the officer’s gag about it. This happened in Lola Miles instance a former Air Force chopper machinist at an air base in Florida.
After Miles reported this and was laughed at she said “the leaders in her unit sought to discredit her and coerce her out of the Air Force. ” These are merely some of the grounds why sexual torment Torahs are necessary and to demo how bad state of affairss can be even when you’re functioning your state. It is flooring that there has non been more done about the sexual torment and assault jobs in the U. S. Military and Air Force. There needs to be new and strongly implemented statute law to forestall these absurd Numberss of sexual assaults from go oning. There besides needs to be some sort of program implemented so that adult females can experience safe and unafraid with approaching Forth with their sexual torment and assault ailments. The Pentagon released studies on sexual assault in the armed forces in 2010. These studies show that colzas and sexual assaults continue every twenty-four hours and military’s attempts are turn outing uneffective.
Anu Bhagwati the executive manager of the Service Women’s Action Network said. “This offense continues to see monolithic sums of underreporting because victims do non experience the clime is safe to describe. and culprits are non being brought to test in sufficient Numberss. ” Out of the 3. 158 studies made in the twelvemonth 2010 merely 529 went to test. non to advert that the existent figure of sexual assaults and colzas is an outstanding figure of 19000. In 2010 there was a study conducted for active responsibility members. the study revealed “67 % of adult females are “uncomfortable” with describing 54 % “fear appraisal” . and 46 % of work forces and adult females in the military believe that sexual assault was “not of import enough” to describe at all. The ground people view that it is non of import to describe sexual torment is because they may hold non been a victim. or a more general thought of that there is no sexual torment Torahs being enforced here. there are no penalties for improper. and unethical actions. The plan that the U. S. military has implemented to “solve” their sexual torment and assault jobs is called the SHARP plan ( Sexual Harassment/Assault Response and Prevention ) .
It states in the SHARP guidelines that “senior commanding officers at all army installings must fix to implement SHARP plan manager” what is even the point of this if in the past the commanding officers are the 1s who are perpetrating the offense of sexual assault/harassment. and when the coverage officer besides takes these serious allegations as a gag. Recently the U. S. Army has besides started a sexual torment extension to their run the I. A. M. Strong to battle sexual assaults by prosecuting all soldiers in forestalling sexual assault before they occur. The SHARP plan provinces that all U. S. Army members are “Grounded by our shared belief in the Army Values. we are a set of brothers and sisters. puting mission foremost. ne’er accepting licking. ne’er discontinuing and ne’er go forthing a fallen companion. Our mutuality and shared regard among companions frames who we are as a Team and an Army – a Team that finds sexual assault condemnable and beyond acceptance. Those who commit assaults ache a member of our Team and injure our Army. This condemnable act is cowardly and damaging to the really moral fibre that gives our Army its innermost strength. ” This new plan should assist with the bar of sexual torment in the U. S. Army.
The plan was foremost implemented in 2010 and continues to me the taking sexual harassment/assault plan for the U. S. Army. there needs to be more ordinances with stronger action taking topographic point. the statistics are still to high and the sum of unreported even is unacceptable. the U. S. Army needs to come up with rigorous statute law with rigorous guidelines and strong support of policies established. Another topographic point where sexual torment is relevant is in political relations. In June of 2012. sexual torment is being used as a tool to command its female electors in Egypt. 26-year-old IT officer Nihal Saad and her friends were joined together at Tahrir Square to protest the finding of fact that sent Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak to life in prison. Tahrir Square is a really of import topographic point in Egypt. for it is the place of birth of Egypt’s 18-day revolution that brought down the Murbarak government.
As Nihal and her friends were protesting in the square. a group of work forces approached them at 8:30 p. m. The work forces surrounded Nahir and her friends and continued to sexually assail them. Nahir says that the work forces were ravishing them with their custodies. For that whole hebdomad work forces were sexually hassling adult females. Harmonizing to a 2008 survey by the Egyptian Center for Women’s Rights. 83 per centum of Egyptian adult females have experienced some sum of sexual torment on the streets. as have 98 per centum of foreign visitants. Besides. 62 per centum of work forces really admit to sexually hassling adult females. After Mubarak’s reign came to an terminal. the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces ( SCAF ) took power. It is believed that military-led torment of adult females became a portion of the bullying of the dissenters. With small to no protection for these adult females. there is nil that they can make for themselves. They try to do an influence by take parting in the vote of a new president. but these sexual onslaughts on them turn them off ( Topol ) .
An U. S. illustration of sexual torment in political relations shows up in a instance that involved 72-year-old Brooklyn Assemblyman Vito Lopez. Lopez invited one of his female employees to fall in him on a trip to Atlantic City. On the trip. she invariably had to maneuver clear of Lopez’s sexual progresss. She said that he was a really relentless adult male and that he went so far as seting his manus between her legs. Some of the things that Lopez would do her and other female employees do. include inappropriate touching. remarks about their organic structures. how they were dressed. and he would do remarks about how good their relationships with their fellows were. An probe of Lopez led to more accusals of sexual misconduct. and $ 103. 000 final payment to the accusers to maintain quiet. Lopez had to publically acknowledge to his errors to hiding the instance. and assuring non to make this once more ( Gormley ) . This is good illustration on why sexual torment Torahs were put into topographic point. The adult females victims in this instance were violated both verbally and physically in sexual nature. to a point beyond merely experiencing uncomfortable. The Torahs are meant to forestall this from go oning. but when persons do non follow the jurisprudence. like in this instance. victims can at least retrieve money from amendss caused.
Sexual torment occurs really frequently on the Internet these yearss. With all of these new societal web sites and how available the Internet is to everybody. it was bound to go on. There are many mediums available on the Internet where it is possible for sexual torment to happen. Some illustrations are in confab suites. Internet forums. instant messaging. electronic mails. embodiments. and many more. The chief signifiers of sexual torment on the Internet are gender torment. unwanted sexual attending. and sexual coercion. Gender torment can be communicated verbally or diagrammatically. It can be described as “unwelcome verbal and ocular remarks and comments that abuse persons because of their gender or that use stimulations known or intended to supply negative emotions” ( Sexual Harassment On The Internet ) . Verbal gender torment is categorized as violative sexual messages aimed towards victims that are initiated by the harasser. These messages can include gender mortifying remarks. colza menaces. and unwelcome sexual comments. The remarks that are made can be labeled as either active or inactive. They are defined as active when the maltreater targets a specific victim and are defined a passive when the maltreater targets possible receiving systems.
“Graphic gender torment refers to he intention sending of titillating. adult. lewd. and lewd images and digital recordings by a harasser to specific or possible victims” ( Sexual Harassment On The Internet ) . Unwanted sexual attending occurs when direct personal communicating from harasser to harassed victim. These messages frequently refer to the victims sex variety meats or sex life. to adumbrate topics. enforce sex related images or sounds. or insinuate or offer sex related activities. While. the least common signifier. sexual coercion uses different methods on the Internet to coerce victims for their sexual cooperation. The usual ways one uses to derive cooperation from victims include expressed menaces of injury to the victim. or victim’s household or friends. Sexual coercion is being seen most frequently is in cyberstalking. Cyberstalking occurs when a individual uses the Internet or other electronic devices to stalk or hassle an person. group. or an organisation. The instance of Blakely v. Continental Airlines was a instance where the complainant Tammy S. Blakely. who was a female air hose pilot. who complained about the behavior and remarks. directed towards her which included adult picture from the Internet and coarse gender-based remarks. She complained that it was a misdemeanor of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act.
While the judicial proceeding was traveling on. workers continued to do harassing. gender based messages that were aimed towards her. These messages were being posted on the company’s web site. She filed the case in the Superior Court of New Jersey and the tribunal held that harassment outside of the workplace could be actionable. but because the Acts of the Apostless arose from employee relationships. the tribunals concluded it was relevant. Sexual torment does non merely occur by co-workers. equals and higher-ups in the workplace. instruction. the military. and even on the cyberspace. it could besides happen in public topographic points by an unknown person or persons. This type of sexual torment is called public torment or street torment. The definition of street torment is the “Unwelcome words and actions by unknown individuals in public which are motivated by gender and occupy a person’s physical and emotional infinite in a disrespectful. creepy. galvanizing. chilling. or contemptuous way” ( Definitions ) . The types of street harassment ranges displeasing and even raging Acts of the Apostless like “leers. whistlings. honks. snoging noises. and non-sexually expressed appraising comments” to behaviours that are violative and endangering like “vulgar gestures. sexually charged remarks. flashing. and stalking. to illegal actions like public onanism. sexual touching. assault. and murder” ( What is Street Harassment ) .
The two differences between this type of sexual torment and the others. is that is wholly nonreversible against females and there are no Torahs in topographic point to protect them against the hostile environment in causes. There are jurisprudence for physical torment and still hunt but for work forces that are non physical and but commit Acts of the Apostless like leering. whistling. honking. and doing snoging noises to complete aliens. Why is this a large trade good in a 2008 Stop Street Harassment survey of 811 adult females. found about 25 % of them had experienced street torment before the age of 12. By age 19. it increased to about 90 % . ( What is Street Harassment ) . This creates a serious human rights job because adult females can non travel out in public for any ground without. holding the fright of being sexual harassed will in public. There is more than likely opportunity of acquiring sexual harassed at least with things like sneers whistlings and honks. because there is no manner to protect your ego from it. This causes a serious gender favoritism for adult females because their ability to be in public as comfortably or even every bit frequently as work forces. Sexual torment Torahs in the workplace does non hinder on free address.
Harmonizing to Volokh. free address merely protects you from the authorities and condemnable charges. Ones’ right to liberate address in the workplace merely goes every bit far as the company wants it to travel. “Harassment jurisprudence is constitutional because address in private workplaces is already capable to the workplace owner’s command and therefore the authorities should besides be free to stamp down address in those private workplaces” ( p. 61 ) . Besides it does non protect you against civil suits when person feels harmed by your address. Because free address merely protects you from condemnable charges. private organisations and even authorities one have the right to ban it. The argument on whether to maintain or get rid of sexual torment Torahs in the workplace or in instruction or even in the armed forces. raise some valid points.
Though sexual torment Torahs can make jobs that include false accusals that can damage 1s repute. calling and life. and besides causes high pecuniary to concerns. Arguments arise that it conflicts with individuals’ freedom of address. As you can see there are following grounds to maintain them and even adding new 1s for public torment. Though there can be some mistake with the Torahs they’re finally necessary to protect peoples civil rights. The Torahs keep people out of hostile environments at work. or at school. Besides adult females in the armed forces. this gives them one less hostile thing to worry approximately. Besides if sexual torment does happen. the victim can at least see some justness on their behalf and retrieve the amendss brought on them. By maintaining employees. pupils. and soldiers safe from those Acts of the Apostless. they are able to go more productive in their well-thought-of countries. In return companies. schools. the military and society as whole all benefit.
Mentions
Alger. A. . & A ; Flanagan. W. ( n. d. ) . Sexual Politics. Terry College of Business. Retrieved November 2. 2012. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Terry. uga. edu/~dawndba/4500SxlPolitics. html Definitions. ( n. d. ) . Stop Street Harassment. Retrieved December 2. 2012. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. stopstreetharassment. org/resources/definitions/ Definitions of Footings. ( n. d. ) . EEOC Home Page. Retrieved December 2. 2012. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. eeoc. gov/eeoc/statistics/enforcement/definitions. cfm Gormley. M. ( 2012. September 27 ) . Vito Lopez Sex Scandal Unravels ‘Bear Mountain Compact’ And Albany’s Sordid Past. Huffington Post: Breaking News. Retrieved December 2. 2012. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. huffingtonpost. com/2012/09/27/vito-lopez-sex-scandal-erupts-bear-mountain-compact_n_1918695. hypertext markup language Grindley. L. ( 2011. September 3 ) . Seth’s Law Passes Seeks Schools Protection for LGBT Students | Advocate. com. Advocate. com | Gay News | The Advocate | The World’s Leading Source for LGBT News and Entertainment. Retrieved November 30. 2012. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. advocator. com/news/daily-news/2011/09/03/seth39s-law-passes-seeks-schools-protection-lgbt-students Internet Harassment – Sexual Harassment on the Internet. ( n. d. ) . University of North Carolina. Retrieved December 2. 2012. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. unc. edu/courses/2010spring/law/357c/001/internetharassment/internet-harassment. hypertext markup language
Labor Law: Sexual Harassment. ( 2003 ) . In S. Phelps ( Ed. ) . Gale Encyclopedia of Everyday Law ( Vol. 2. pp. 903-908 ) . Detroit: Gale. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //go. galegroup. com. gate. lib. American bison. edu/ps/i. make? id=GALE % 7CCX3405400162 & A ; v=2. 1 & A ; u=sunybuff_main & A ; it=r & A ; p=GVRL & A ; sw=w Pentagon Releases 2011 Report on Military Sexual Assault ( 2011. March 18 ) . Service Women’s Action Network. Retrieved November 30. 2012. from hypertext transfer protocol: //servicewomen. org/blog/2011/03/18/pentagon-releases-2011-report-on-military-sexual-assault/ Praetorius. D. ( 2011. September 20 ) . Jamey Rodemeyer.
