Jiminy Cricket

& A ; Pinnochios Travel Through Time, Learning About The History Of The English Language Essay, Research Paper

As most know, Pinocchio is a really funny male child. And, being reasonably new to the universe, Pinocchio is larning new things mundane. But besides larning how fast autos travel and why bees biting, Pinocchio is larning new words mundane. And it was one twenty-four hours Pinocchio asked his good buddy Jimminy Cricket, ? Where do all these words come from? ?

? There are 1000s of words in our English linguistic communication and they all come from different topographic points and different people, ? replied Jimminy.

? Like who? ?

? I can? t explicate it all Pinocchio. You will merely hold to see for yourself! ?

And so Jimminy Cricket decided to take Pinocchio on a travel through clip to demo him precisely how the English linguistic communication developed!

? Where are we Jimminy? ?

? We are in Britain. It was here, around 400 B.C. that ancient Indians called the Celts arrived. The Celts were husbandmans who lived in Britain entirely until the Romans came in 43 A.D. Artorius, the Celtic head, tried to keep the Romans off but was unsuccessful. ?

? So who won Britain? ? Pinocchio asked with a baffled expression on his face.

? Cipher won Britain. The Celts and the Romans both lived in Britain until 410 A.D when the Romans were called back to Rome. However, when the Romans left, a new folk called the Movies decided that they wanted the land in Britain. ?

? Did the Pics win Britain? ?

? No, the Pics didn? t win Britain either. With the Romans gone, the Celts needed aid supporting their land. So, the Celts invited Anglo-Saxon soldiers from Germany to Britain to assist them contend off the Pics. However, when the Anglo-Saxons arrived in Britain. They decided that they excessively wanted the land for themselves, ? explained Jimminy.

? This land must hold been great if three folks wanted it bad plenty to contend over! ?

? Must have been, ? exclaimed Jimminy, ? because non merely did the Pics and Anglo-Saxons want the Britain land, but three other folks besides wanted the land and attacked the Celts. ?

? Which folks were they? ?

? The other folks were the Anglens from Denmark, the Jutes from Denmark, and the Frisians from Holand. ?

? What did the Celts do with these folks assailing them? ?

? The Celts all spilt up and went to different topographic points. Some went to Ireland, some went to France and founded Britainy, and some went to Whales where they dug the Great Ditch. The Great Ditch was a boundary line between Whales and England that the Celts used to maintain the enemies out of Whales. ?

? This all sounds exciting, ? said Pinocchio, ? but what does this hold anything to make with the English linguistic communication? ?

? Well Pinocchio, when the Anglo-Saxons invaded Britain they brought their German linguistic communication with them. The Anglo-Saxons German linguistic communication contributed two features to our English linguistic communication. One is the usage of initial rhyme. Alliteration is a sentence or phrase with the same sound at the beginning of the words. For illustration, sally sold sea snails would be an initial rhyme because of the s sound at the beginning of each word. The other one is the usage of kennings. A kenning is when two words are put together to do one word. An illustration of a kenning would be the word hair and the word coppice to do the word hairbrush. Besides, the German linguistic communication is Old English and 90 % of basic edifice block words used today are Old English. But the German linguistic communication was largely a spoken linguistic communication, non a written linguistic communication. Let? s travel to 597 A.D. when linguistic communication was first put in authorship.

? Here we are Pinocchio. We are now in 597 A.D. , when the transition to Christianity took topographic point. The transition to Christianity started when a monastic named Augustine was sent by the Pope to change over the Anglo-saxons in England to Christians. ?

? Did Augustine talk German? ? asked Pinocchio.

? No, monastics spoke Latin. From the Latin linguistic communication we got words like alter and Psalm. ?

? Aren? t those words used largely in the Bible? ?

? Yes they are. You see Pinocchio, the English monastics wrote Illuminated Manuscripts. Illuminated Manuscripts are retellings of bible narratives so they used many words like alter and Psalm. These words so got sifted into the English linguistic communication. ?

? Oh! ? said Pinocchio. ? But did Augustine of all time convert the Anglo-saxons to Christianity? ?

? Yes they did. ? replied Jimminy. ? But it was non an easy occupation. It took the monastics one hundred old ages to alter the Anglo-saxons to Christians.

? Wow! ? exclaimed Pinocchio. ? But the Illuminated Manuscripts were written in Latin. When was English foremost written down? ?

? The first narrative of all time written down was in 700 A.D. This was a fiction narrative called? Beowulf? and it was about a chilling monster named Beowulf. But adequate about written linguistic communication. Let? s travel to 787 A.D. where we will foremost run into the Vikings.

So Pinocchio and Jimminy Cricket traveled to 787 A.D. where Jimminy Cricket told Pinocchio of how the Vikings, besides known as Danes, raided England for more than one hundred old ages. But Pinocchio had many inquiries.

? I am confused, ? said Pinocchio. ? Did the Vikings of all time take over England? ?

? By 850 A.D. half of England was in Viking custodies, but at that place was one male monarch who would non allow the Vikings take his land. This male monarch was the King of Wessex and they called him Alfred the Great. ?

Pinocchio asked Jimminy, ? Why was he called? the Great? ? ?

? He was called? the Great? for many grounds. One ground is that he held off the Danes and saved his land. He besides created the? Dane Law Treaty? to halt the spread of Viking colony in England. The Vikings weren? t the lone ground Alfred was called? the Great. ? He was besides a good Englishman. Not merely did he reconstruct monasteries and actively promote instruction, but he besides had a book made called the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a record of cardinal events. All of these things that King Alfred did made him more popular with the people which gave him more power. ?

? Wow! ? Pinocchio said in exhilaration. ? He certainly did a batch! But what of all time happened to the Vikings? Did they go around contending people everlastingly? ?

? No they didn? T. During the 10th century the Vikings are Christianized. They become civilised and start life in lasting places in other lands. The Vikings besides started intermarrying with the Anglo-saxons. But even though both civilizations shared a similar Germanic background, their linguistic communications clashed because both spoke an inflective linguistic communication. An inflective linguistic communication is a linguistic communication where the word terminations of each word carry the significance of the word. Although many of the words were the same, the word terminations were different plenty to do common apprehension hard. Because of this job, the Great Compromise came approximately in 1000 A.D. ?

? The Great Compromise was put into consequence to work out the job ensuing from the Anglo-Saxon and Viking blending of civilizations, ? explained Jimminy. ? By 1000A.D. they replaced the Old English inflective plural stoping nut with s. For illustration ; the Viking word for Equus caballus was cross and crosset for several Equus caballuss. The Anglo-Saxon word for Equus caballus was Equus caballus. After the Great Compromise the Vikings and Anglo-Saxons decided to utilize Equus caballus, and Equus caballuss for more than one Equus caballus. However, the usage of nut as a plural stoping did non vanish wholly. We still use this word stoping in words like kids, ? explained Jimminy.

? So the Anglo-saxons and the Vikings had to alter some of their words so they could understand each other?

? asked Pinocchio.

? That? s right, ? answered Jimminy. Some shared vocabulary besides survived the Great Compromise, like wish and want, and shirt and skirt. Some strictly Viking vocabulary besides found its manner into the English Language. For illustration ; choler, brang, happy, clinch, ugly, incorrect, and ailments are all Viking words. Wordss in the English linguistic communication that start with Sc and sk semen from early Viking encroachers. ?

? The Great Compromise sure had an affect on the English linguistic communication, ? said Pinocchio.

? It certainly did! And, non merely did the Great Compromise contribute to the English linguistic communication, it besides started the passage from Old English to Middle English. This begins following the Norman invasion of England in 1066 A.D. ?

? Why did the Normans invade England? ?

? Let? s travel in clip to 1066 A.D. and happen out! ?

? Here we are Pinocchio! ?

? Where are we? ?

? We are at the Battle of Hastings where William the Conqueror defeated the English male monarch, Harold the Second. ?

? Who is William the Conqueror and why did he desire England? ?

? William the Conqueror became male monarch of the Normans at age seven when his male parent died. His ascendants had been Vikings who had settled in France two hundred old ages earlier and adopted the Gallic linguistic communication and imposts. So, of course William spoke French. ?

? But what does that hold to make with England? ?

? Well, William believed that he should be King of England. He believed this for three grounds. One ground, he was 2nd cousin to Edward the Confessor, the English King before Harold the Second. The 2nd ground is he had earlier tricked King Harold the Second into plighting commitment to him. This means that Harold the Second gave his trueness to William. The last ground is that William had the blessing of the Pope. ?

? So did William go King of England? ?

? Yes, but non until the Battle of Hastings. At this conflict, Harold the Second and his two brothers were caught off guard and killed. The English ground forces fled go forthing William the clear victor! The Bayeux Tapestry retells this historical event with 237 embroidered images on linen, or fabric. ?

After much thought Pinocchio asked, ? I understand that the Normans now rule England. But how did they pass on with the people if they spoke French? ?

? The Normans declared their linguistic communication the official linguistic communication of England and merely assumed the English linguistic communication would shrivel off. Obviously it didn? T! Little did the Normans know, in the countryside off from the powers of authorities, English grew stronger and picked up much of the Gallic vocabulary. The Normans linguistic communication was non merely spoken, it was besides written. We foremost see it written in the Doomsday Book. The Doomsday Book was created to place all affluent landholders and set up a base for taxing personal belongings. ?

? Why did the Normans have to revenue enhancement the peoples belongings? ?

? Well, when the Normans introduced feudal system in England it brought about knights and palaces. Both were expensive to keep so it became necessary to revenue enhancement the people? s belongings in order to pay disbursals. ?

? I understand now, ? said Pinocchio.

? Besides, ? exclaimed Jimminy Cricket, ? over clip the English Church replaced Anglo-Saxon Bishops with Benedictine, or Norman Bishops. And in 1155 A.D. the English monastics stopped entering the Anglo-saxon Chronicle because they refused the order to get down entering in French. ?

? Obviously the Vikings and Anglo-saxons didn? T like Gallic being England? s linguistic communication. How did they acquire English to be England? s declared linguistic communication once more? ? asked Pinocchio.

? In 1250 A.D. a book was written learning Gallic as a 2nd linguistic communication. This was cogent evidence that the English linguistic communication survived despite Norman regulation. By 1300 A.D. the Norman French linguistic communication declined and before the terminal of the century, English was back as the official linguistic communication of England. We besides know that English replaced Gallic as the written linguistic communication by Geoffrey Chaucer? s Caterbury Tales that was written in the late 1300? s. But Pinocchio, even though the English linguistic communication returned to being the linguistic communication of England, during the three hundred old ages of Anglo-Norman regulation 10,000 Norman words became a portion of the English linguistic communication. We already had words from the Anglo-saxons who raised farm animal like cow, calf, and sheep. The Norman Godheads who ate the farm animal had different words for the farm animal after they had been killed. For cow they had beef, for calf they had veau, and for sheep they had mutton. All of these words we use today. From the Normans we besides got military, political, legal, and medical words and words related to the humanistic disciplines. ?

? It certain sounds like our linguistic communication grew from the clip of the Celts, ? said Pinocchio.

? You? re right. It grew a batch but it wasn? t done turning yet. In 1476 A.D. William Caxton? s delivery of the publishing imperativeness to England helps get down the English Renaissance. Let? s travel to the 1500? s where we can larn more about English Renaissance and its Modern English. ?

? What was the English Renaissance? ? Pinocchio asked Jiminy.

? The English Renaissance was a clip period full of people with involvement in geographic expedition, scientific discipline, and literature. During this clip period 12,000 new vocabulary words, both invented and borrowed, were added to our linguistic communication within a ten-year period. It was besides in the 1500? s during the reign of Elizabeth the First ( 1558-1603 ) and James the First ( 1603-1625 ) that the English Language was considered to be in its? Golden Age. ? Both Elizabeth the First and James the First were involved in humanistic disciplines, fist leting and subsequently back uping the theatre. And it is through theatre that we meet William Shakespeare. ?

? Who is he? ?

? William Shakespeare wrote poesy and 37 dramas. He used a vocabulary of 34,000 words and created new words and new phrases. He besides played with grammar, making verbs from nouns, ? explained Jiminy.

? He sounds really smart. But all of this occurred in England. When did the English linguistic communication semen to America? ?

? The first effort to convey English to America was in 1584 A.D. when Sir Walter Raleigh founded the Panoke Colony in the? New World, ? besides known as America. Because the Panoke folk was wiped out by Indians, the effort failed. However, about instantly after, the Native American vocabulary found its manner into the English linguistic communication.

The 2nd effort was in 1607 A.D. when the first English speech production colony Jamestown, survived in America. ?

? And what about the 3rd effort? ?

? The 3rd effort occurred in 1620 A.D. after King James the First had a commission work until 1610 A.D. on the concluding text of the bible. His end was to make a bible that read clear and sounded poetic. In 1620 the Pilgrims founded the Plymouth Plantation in Massachusits. The Pilgrims were rigorous, covetous people who stuck purely to the bible and its regulations. This colony brought the written word to America in for of the King James Bible. And that is where our linguistic communication came from Pinocchio. Do you hold any more inquiries? ? asked Jiminy.

? Yes, merely one. When do we acquire to travel place? ?

Laughing with Jiminy all the manner place, Pinnocchio eventually returned place to Gepetto with more cognition about the English linguistic communication than he had of all time hoped for. And from so on, every clip Pinocchio learned a new word, he tried to believe of where that word came from!

Bibliography

Jiminy Cricket and Pinnochio travel through clip and larn the history of the English Language.