Astronomy Outline Essay Sample

Complete the lineation following the instructions above. Use the illustration as a usher. utilizing complete sentences for all subpoints.

1. Our topographic point in the existence
a. The modern position of the existence
1 ) What is our Sun and what is its function in the solar system? a ) The Sun is the closest star to Earth and makes up 98 % of the solar system mass. B ) The Sun is made up of the H. He. Ca. Na. Mg. and iron elements. degree Celsius ) The Sun provides visible radiation. heat. and energy to the Earth.

2 ) What is our Milky Way galaxy and the sun’s place in it? a ) The Milky Way is an island of 100s of one million millions of stars. gas. and dust held together by gravitation to organize a disc that is surrounded by a aura of ball-shaped bunchs. which are smaller spherical groups of stars. B ) The Sun is about 26. 000 light years from the centre of the Milky Way Galaxy. 3 ) What is the Big Bang and what does it state about the age of the existence? a ) The Big Bang is based off of telescopic observations of distant galaxies that are spread outing with clip. B ) By sing the rate of enlargement. traveling rearward provides an thought of low-level formatting. By ascertained rate of enlargement it is estimated to hold occurred about 14 billion old ages ago. 4 ) What is meant by the stage “looking out in the existence is looking back in clip? ” a ) This phrase is meant to depict the clip it takes clip for visible radiation from distant objects to make the Earth. We see the Sun as it looked about 8 proceedingss ago. other stars as they looked old ages ago. and distant galaxies as they looked 1000000s or even one million millions of old ages ago. B. Where are we in the existence?

1 ) What is Earth’s topographic point in the solar system?
a ) Earth is the 3rd planet from the Sun.
2 ) How close are the nearest stars to the Sun as compared to the distance between the Sun and the Earth? a ) The Sun is about 8 light proceedingss off from Earth. B ) The 2nd close star is Proxima Centauri and 4. 24 light old ages off. degree Celsiuss ) Coming in at a close 3rd is Alpha Centauri which has been considered as a dual star and is 4. 36 light old ages off.

3 ) How big is our Milky Way galaxy?
a ) The disc of the Milky Way galaxy spans a distance of about 100. 000 light old ages ( one visible radiation twelvemonth is about 9. 5 ten 1015 metres ) . 4 ) How many stars are estimated to be in our galaxy?
a ) Our Galaxy contains about 200 billion stars. Most of the stars are located in the disc of our galaxy. which is the site of most of the star formation because it contains tonss of gas and dust. 5 ) How old is the Earth compared to the existence itself?

a ) A recent survey puts the age of the Milky Way at about 14. 5 billion old ages. plus or minus more than 2 billion old ages. B ) The Earth is approximated to be approximately 4. 54 billion old ages old. c. Gesture in the existence

1 ) How fast does the Earth move around the Sun? Compare that to fast things in daily life. a ) The mean distance from the Earth to the Sun is about 92. 955. 819 myocardial infarction. Therefore in one twelvemonth the Earth travels this distance and the speed based on yearss and hours reveals about 18. 5 stat mis per second B ) The muzzle lading speed of a M16 machine gun merely amounts to about. 61 stat mis per second. 2 ) How is our Sun moving in the galaxy?

a ) It orbits the galactic centre at a distance of approximately 27. 000 light old ages. and it besides oscillates through the galactic plane on a graduated table of 10s of 1000000s of old ages. 3 ) How are the galaxies around the Milky Way galaxy traveling from our point of position? a ) The Earth sits inside an arm of stars which are ever traveling to be in forepart of our position of other galaxies far beyond the stars of our ain galaxy. B ) The galaxies are acquiring farther apart ( on really big distance graduated tables ) . with the speed of recession proportional to the distance between them. 2. The sky and the scientific discipline of uranology

a. Explain the significance of the celestial domain.
1 ) What of import waies and co-ordinate systems help you happen your manner around the sky? a ) The Constellation Method uses some of the brighter stars to organize forms in the dark sky and Judgess their positional relationship to each other signifiers. B ) The Alt Azimuth Method does non utilize the forms of the stars in the sky at all. but a grid mention or latitude and longitude mentions are used. degree Celsius ) The Celestial Method is much like the Alt Azimuth Method but is achieved by utilizing an equatorial climb. The difference between an equatorial and an Alt Azimuth climb is that the equatorial instead than holding its rotary motion bearing degree. This allows the telescope tubing to revolve around the same axis as the Earth’s axis. 2 ) Why are at that place different brightness of stars and how do we depict their brightness as compared to one another? a ) Apparent magnitude refers to value of the magnitude depending on both how near the star is and how much energy it is breathing. B ) Parallax is the switching location of nearby objects compared to more distance objects when you change your point of view the biggest graduated table of this is the orbit of Earth. 3 ) What are configurations?

a ) A configuration is a part of the sky with chiseled boundary lines ; the familiar forms of stars simply help us turn up the configurations. 4 ) What is Polaris and what is its significance in the sky?

a ) Polaris is a star with an utmost brightness and is besides referred to as the North Star. B ) Polaris is particular non because of its brightness. but because it is so close to the north heavenly pole and hence really utile in pilotage. 5 ) Why does the Moon alteration its stage. how does it travel and how make these unite to make occultations? a ) The Moon phases refer to its light by the Sun. It is by and large considered to hold four stages: crescent. crookback. waxing. and declining. B ) The synodic period or lunar month is about 29. 5 yearss. It’s the clip required for the Moon to travel to the same place ( same stage ) as seen by an perceiver on Earth. degree Celsius ) When the Moon blocks the Sun or a portion of it. it’s called a solar occultation. and it can merely go on during the new Moon stage. When the Earth casts a shadow on the Moon. it’s called a lunar occultation. and can merely go on during the full Moon stage. B. What is the scientific discipline of uranology?

1 ) Astronomy is the survey of infinite and universe through careful observation and test and-error experiments. c. What is the scientific method and how does it associate to the scientific discipline of uranology? 1 ) The scientific method is the procedure by which scientists. jointly and over clip. enterprise to build an accurate ( that is. dependable. consistent and non-arbitrary ) representation of the universe. 2 ) In the field of uranology. the earth-centered description of the planetal orbits was overthrown by the Copernican system. in which the Sun was placed at the centre of a series of homocentric. round planetal orbits.

Subsequently. this theory was modified. as measurings of the planets gestures were found to be compatible with egg-shaped. non round. orbits. and still subsequently planetal gesture was found to be derivable from Newton’s Torahs. d. Who was Aristotle and what was his relationship to the scientific discipline of uranology? 1 ) Aristotle ( 384–322 B. C. ) is among the best-known philosophers of the ancient universe. He studied under Plato ( 428–348 B. C. ) at Plato’s Academy. 2 ) Aristotle argued that the existence is spherical and finite ; accordingly that the Earth excessively was a domain. However he besides argued that gravitation pulled heavy things toward the centre of the existence ( and allowed lighter things to drift toward the celestial spheres ) . thereby doing all the soil. stone. and H2O of the existence to roll up at the centre and organize the spherical Earth. e. What was the Copernican revolution?

1 ) Copernicus’ theoretical account. a rediscovery of the one proposed by Aristarchus centuries before. explained the ascertained gestures of the planets more merely than Ptolemy’s by presuming a cardinal Sun around which all planets rotated. with the slower planets holding orbits further from the Sun. f. What observations did Galileo do that proved that planets go around the Sun? 1 ) In peculiar. he used experiments with turn overing balls to show that a traveling object remains in gesture unless a force acts to halt it ( an thought now codified in Newton’s first jurisprudence of gesture ) . 2 ) In world. Venus orbits the Sun. so from Earth we can see it in many different stages. This is merely what Galileo observed. leting him to turn out that Venus orbits the Sun and in turned helped to turn out Copernicus’ theory. g. What Torahs tell us how the planets move around the star?

1 ) Kepler’s jurisprudence provinces that planets move around the Sun in eclipsiss. with the Sun at one focal point. 2 ) Kepler’s jurisprudence states that the line linking the Sun to a planet expanse peers Aress in equal times. 3 ) Kepler’s jurisprudence states that the square of the orbital period of a planet is relative to the regular hexahedron of the average distance from the Sun. h. How does the Earth rotate and how does that associate to twenty-four hours and dark or the seasons? 1 ) Rotation of the Earth describes the spinning of the Earth around its axis. ensuing in the 24 hr phenomenon of twenty-four hours and dark over the Earth. I. How does the Earth revolve and how does that associate to twenty-four hours and dark or the seasons? 1 ) Revolution on the other manus describes the motion of the Earth around the Sun over a period of one twelvemonth. doing seasons to happen. J. What causes the seasons? Is it the joust of the Earth’s axis or its altering distance from the Sun throughout the twelvemonth? 1 ) Seasons are caused by the joust of the Earth’s axis of rotary motion – the 23. 4° beginning of the axis from a way perpendicular to the Earth’s orbital plane. The way of the rotational axis corsets about fixed in infinite. even as the Earth revolves around the Sun one time each twelvemonth. As a consequence. when the Earth is at a certain topographic point in its orbit. the northern hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun and experiences summer. Six months subsequently. when the Earth is on the opposite side of the Sun. the northern hemisphere is tilted off from the Sun and experiences winter. The seasons are. of class. reversed for the southern hemisphere. 3. Gravity. free autumn. and orbits

a. What is gravitation and how much weaker does it acquire as you get further from the centre of a organic structure? 1 ) Gravity is the force of attractive force by which tellurian organic structures tend to fall toward the centre of the Earth. 2 ) Gravity is weaker with respects to the greater the distance from the centre of a organic structure because The force of attractive force between two objects is reciprocally relative to the square of separation between the objects. B. Are objects in orbit of the Earth still under the influence of gravitation? 1 ) Every planetal organic structure ( including the Earth ) is surrounded by its ain gravitative field. which exerts an attractive force on all objects. In infinite an object maintains its orbit because of the force of gravitation moving upon it. c. An object in orbit falls around the Earth. what do planets. comets. and asteroids autumn about? 1 ) Gravity attracts the planets to the Sun.

In fact. the planets are invariably falling toward the Sun in much the same manner that a thrown ball falls down to the land. The speed is fast adequate to maintain the planets in orbit to go on “falling around” the Sun. 2 ) Most asteroids have unusual forms because they have experienced many hits and do non hold a strong plenty gravitation to draw themselves back into a sphere. Many asteroids. including all of the largest asteroids. revolve the Sun between Mars and Jupiter in the Asteroid Belt. 3 ) Comets orbit around the Sun merely like planets. but their orbits are more extended and take longer. Periodic comets are those that have an orbit of less than 200 old ages. but they make up the minority of known comets.

Mentions

Bennett. J. O. . Donahue. M. . Schneider. N. O. . & A ; Voit. M. ( 2010 ) . The cosmic position ( 6th ed. ) . Boston. MA: Addison Wesley. Retrieved from University of Phoenix Ebook aggregation

Comets. Meteoroids. and Asteroids. ( 2011 ) . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //curious. astro. Cornell. edu/comets. php

Expansion of the Universe. ( 2012 ) . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //csep10. phys. utk. edu/astr162/lect/cosmology/expansion. hypertext markup language

Saintonge. A. ( 2005 ) . At what velocity does the Earth travel around the Sun? . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //curious. astro. Cornell. edu/question. php? number=356

Stars. ( n. d. ) . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. uni. edu/morgans/astro/course/Notes/section2/new6. hypertext markup language

Stern. D. P. ( 2005 ) . Kepler’s Three Laws of Planetary Motion. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //ecampus. Phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/cwe/citation_generator/web_01_01. asp

The Seasons and the Earth’s Orbit. ( 2011 ) . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //aa. usno. navy. mil/faq/docs/seasons_orbit. php/

Understanding the Moon Phases. ( 2012 ) . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. moonconnection. com/moon_phases. phtml

University of Oregon. ( 2012 ) . Celestial Sphere. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //abyss. uoregon. edu/~js/ast122/lectures/lec02. hypertext markup language

University of Rochester. ( 2012 ) . Introduction to the Scientific Method. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //teacher. nsrl. Rochester. edu:8080/phy_labs/AppendixE/AppendixE. hypertext markup language