Development Strategies and Policies of the Russian Government Essay Sample
This paper is written to demo the function of the Russian authorities in development of invention growing in Russian Federation. . To demo the function and the portion of governmental intercession in development of invention I would utilize some official statistic informations. From it we could see that the function of the authorities in this domain is large. To demo and clear up the possible function of invention policy in heightening long-run productiveness growing in Russia I would mention to the paper of Christian Gianella and William Tompson. The chief job – is to demo. what is incorrect in Russian Government’s scheme of developing invention. Why the scheme does non work as it should? But for this I would present the yesteryear and perfectly new “The scheme of advanced development of the Russian Federation” and would seek to separate the function of authorities in this inquiry. ( As “The scheme of advanced development of the Russian Federation boulder clay 2020 “is non published yet. I would mention to its undertaking. which was approved by Russian Government in November 2011 and will be published shortly ) In this paper I would mention to some documents and a plants that are connected to this inquiry and a in the very terminal would present my point of position about the errors of the authorities and the grounds of non proper manner of working the scheme. what is non rights in domain of influence of authorities and in financing the invention in my point of position.
1. Hiking invention: the function of authorities
Thought Russia is one of the biggest state in the universe. idea it has a great potency and immense resources ( human. proficient and natural ) it does non utilize it in a proper manner in the domain of invention. The portion of exports of Russian hi-tech merchandises in the universe is now holds merely 0. 35 % ( Table 2 ) . And it is non plenty for state enchantress want to place itself as one of the developed and ponderable state in the universe. The ground of such a little portion begins from the historical events in Russia. The changing of system. different authoritiess. unstable economic. political and societal state of affairs particularly in the 90-s made there concern – the state had excessively many jobs. it had no clip for inventions. But times chanced. and from 2000-s Russia started to pay more attending on R & A ; D. the authorities tried to construct new schemes and constructs to hiking the development of invention. So. what did Russian authorities brand?
As I have mentioned. the historical event made Russia excessively weak to be a existent serious participant on the world’s invention market. As a consequence. authorities had to do non merely the standard processs of hiking the invention. but besides the excess undertakings: “improving model conditions for invention. beef up the mechanisms for inter-ministerial co-ordination on invention issues. take specific regulative hindrances to invention. take uncertainnesss sing rational belongings rights ( IPR ) . specify a pro-innovation procurance policy” [ 4 ] . The authorities started to supply the active societal and political activity to pull the attending for this inquiry. The sweeps for invention development and growing from the federal budget became more and more higher with every twelvemonth. The subsidies and grants for innovations. researches ad invention development became more popular and bigger.
The barriers in international exchange of the engineerings were reduced. The authorities started to recognize the importance of invention and began to direct more attending on this inquiry But the function of Russia in invention field in the universe was anyhow little. If to mention to the Table 1 we can see. that the portion of Russia is non large ( particularly taking to the attending the immense sides and human resources of the state ) . The large stairss have be done to accomplish the end of Russia to be independent in the inquiries of invention and be possible to order its ain regulation in this domain on the planetary market.
2. Financing inventions ( authorities and concern ) . . “The scheme of advanced development of the Russian Federation” If to mention to the Figure 1 we can see. that the biggest portion of financing the invention in Russia– is the funding of the Government. Private concern is besides introduced in this subdivision. but its function is much lower than the function of authorities. The funding from abroad is besides non large. If to compare this information to the information of more developed states. that are introduce in a Figure 2 we can see. that the funding from the authorities in these counties is much lower. than in Russia. bur the function of private concern is higher. It can demo. that the conditions for concern in inventions are non perfect in Russia. The Russia as a province in a head chair of authorities becomes to be a monopolizer in the domain of R & A ; D. It is hard to state certainly is it good or bad ( we should see to the attending the political traditions in the state. the mental and societal characteristics ) . but the fact is that private concern or non really interested in this domain. or has non has non comfy conditions to do concern in inventions.
The planetary economic crisis of 2008-2009 has complicated the execution of the Russian invention industry ends. the costs of the private sector on invention were reduced and made the structural failing of the Russian invention system even more crisp [ 6 ] . Anyway. the domain. which has non adequate participants. has bad fight and non follows the profitable business-play regulations has no incomes. and it is a job. ( If to mention to Figure 2 we can see. the fight of Russian invention merchandises is excessively low. there is no Russian high-technology merchandises on the universe market. the portion of medium-high engineering is besides little. the medium-low engineering dominates in the export of invention goods from Russia. and it shows. that the proficient base and the channels of publicity of Russian invention are weak ) Today Russia has no opportunities to situate itself as an of import and strong participant on the world’s market of R & A ; D. But what the Russian Government does to alter this sad statistics?
It tries to pass more money on R & A ; D. to back up new researches and to alter the image of the Russian inventions in the universe. These yearss the new “Strategy of advanced development of the Russian Federation boulder clay 2020 “ was approved by Russian Government. Harmonizing to this undertaking. during the period from 2012 to 2013 it is planned to direct excess 140 billion rubles ( about 6 billion euros ) from the federal budget. The entire budgetary outgos. which in the following 10 old ages will impact invention is estimated to be 15. 7 trillion rubles ( about 374 billion euros ) . including outgo on instruction. scientific discipline and other Fieldss. Following twelvemonth. merely on domain of infinite and telecommunications 161 rubles billion ( 4 billion euros ) rubles will be sent. [ 6 ] The disbursement are immense! If to mention to the Table 1 we can see. that the portion of governmental outgos in Russia is largely the same. as this portion in more developed states. but the entire figure if disbursement is little. It is a serious job.
The partiesepence of private sector in the R & A ; D sphere is excessively little. but this invention “burden” is excessively have merely for the federal budget. ( why concern don’t take a large portion in this inquiry I will seek to show in the portion “What is wrong” ) One new. and from my point of position of import. freshness of Russian Government is to develop non merely Russian inventions. but besides the name of Russian invention as a trade name [ 7 ] The policy of situating Russia on a universe market is so. that the image plays a large function. The undertaking of authorities today is to affect the immature coevals of Russian scientist to present the Russian invention in the universe and advance the Russian invention trade name as a high quality merchandise. For this goals the particular invention zone Skolkovo was created by the authorities of D. Medvedev 3. What is incorrect
“The authorities is acquiring serious about invention but bumbling intercession could kill ingeniousness. instead than back uping it” . [ 1 ] Every attempt of Russian authorities seems good and of import from the first expression. but what happens. when all thoughts and constructs stat work? From the general. mundane jobs. that the pioneer face while supplying R & A ; D is the jobs with jurisprudence. The legal juridical system is non perfect in inquiries. connected to the R & A ; D. Let’s look through one little illustration to understand. why the Torahs give no opportunity for Russian invention develop in Russia. If you are a new pioneer and you want to show your innovation in Russia the trouble as follows: for the enfranchisement of engineering in Russia it is necessary to demo design. and to do it. pioneers must do the first debut. that is. an industrial design. And in order to sell in Russia. they have to show the company as an foreign one. an foreign web site with foreign engineering. This incorrespondance in the Torahs make confuses and provoke the immature pioneers to develop their researches in foreign states.
The other job. which non allowed the invention sphere to develop in a proper manner is the revenue enhancements system. Actually. harmonizing to the Russian jurisprudence the revenue enhancements for the invention activities must be much lower that for the other types off profitable activity. But it does non work in existent life. The corruptness system and incompetency of revenue enhancement services sometimes create large jobs to the pioneers in their natural right of holding revenue enhancement freedoms. Why private concern does non desire to work in the domain of R & A ; D? it seems unusual that the private sector is nor interested in R & A ; D production. Naturally. it is o competiveness and high-profitable domain. the investings in inventions is really popular and wanted in many states. But non in Russia. The job here is non merely in troubles with Torahs and revenue enhancements. but besides with unprofitableness. dependability. hazards and really high costs. The unannounced alterations legal system. large influence of authorities. excessively little demand of Russian invention merchandises in Russia and all over the universe make the domain of R & A ; D unattractive for the investors and private sector. One more job – is a really hapless proficient base for developing R & A ; D. ”
In many respects. Russia has first-class conditions for furthering invention. Its instruction system is good and it has trained many mathematicians. research scientists and proficient forces who now successfully work in start-ups and established engineering companies in Western Europe. North America. Israel and elsewhere. While its research establishments. chiefly passed down from the Soviet epoch. suffer from a deficiency of support and a encephalon drain. they are still operational and capable of bring forthing great thoughts. ” [ 1 ] . No uncertainty. the creative activity of such undertakings as “Skolkovo” and “Rusnano” ( Russian Nanotechnology Corporation ) will assist to work out this job. but the position is so-long that non everybody believe in its success.
4. Decision
As we can see from the context of this paper. the Government of Russia plays a truly large function in a development and growing of invention of the state. Historically it happened. that this domain had non a proper attending from the governmental side. and as a consequence now plays non a command function on the universe market of invention. But to alter this state of affairs the authorities of Russia stars to do a large of import stairss. I am about certain. that even if the actions on Russian Government are non ever right – they are really needed and of import for the R & A ; D sphere in Russia. I am besides certain. that the development of Russian inventions can positively consequence on the development of inventions all over the universe. Russia has a large potency. but it is non competitory on the market.
Higher fight of this portion will be utile for farther invention development in other states. in international cooperation. Russia wants to situate itself as a strong participant on invention market. and even as this end is in a long-run position. it is a really baronial end. because the development of any sector of economic. production. political relations or whatever can be without invention development. I think. that such undertaking of Russian Government as “Skolkovo-Gorod” is a immense measure of accomplishing the end. I’m certain. the bigger disbursement of federal budget on the domain of invention and more serious and deep attitude to the Russian R & A ; D from the side of authorities will do their concern in a close hereafter.
Mentions:
[ 1 ] . Skolkovo i-Gorod. a particular invention zone outside Moscow meant to go Russia’as Silicon Valley. More late. the Skolkovo construct has been expanded. and its economic and revenue enhancement benefits will be to available non merely to companies physically located in the alleged invention metropolis but besides in legion research installations around the state. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] . The illustration was taken from the protocol of official meeting of D. Medvedev and representors of “Skolkovo” undertaking on 29 October 2011 in Moscow hypertext transfer protocol: //strf. ru/material. aspx? CatalogId=223 & A ; d_no=43130
