Higher Education in the USA Essay Sample

‘The more you learn. the more you earn” . said the dad vocalist Cyndi Lauper as she accepted her high school sheepskin — at the age of 35! Although Cyndi made it without a high school grade. most people don’t. In the USA today. about 75 % of occupations require some instruction or proficient preparation beyond high school. The lowest pay earners in the USA are those without high school grades ; college graduates out earn those without a college instruction ; people with master’s grades outearn those with merely a bachelor’s: and the highest incomes of all are earned by people with advanced professional or academic grades. These generalisations explain why the bulk of immature Americans go to college. However. despite the norm. more diplomas don’t ever intend more money. Many skilled blue–collar workers. sales representative. concern executives. and entrepreneurs outearn college professors and scientific research workers. And great jocks and entertainers outearn everyone else! But college instruction is non merely readying for a calling ; it is besides ( or should be ) readying for life. In add-on to classs in their major field of survey. most pupils have clip to take elected classs.

They may take categories that help to understand more about human nature. authorities. the humanistic disciplines. scientific disciplines. or whatever else may involvement them. Traveling to college. either full-time or parttime. is going the automatic following measure after high school. Today. more than half of American high school alumnuss enroll in college. But recent high school graduates no longer rule the college campuses. Today it is rather common for grownups of all ages to come back to college either for calling promotion or personal growing. American religion in the value of instruction is exemplified by the lifting figure of Americans who have at least a bachelor’s grade. About 20 % of Americans are college alumnuss. However. among younger grownups and working people. the per centum is at least 25 % . much higher than in most other major states. In the USA. a college instruction is non viewed as a privilege reserved for the wealthy or the academically talented. Virtually everyone who wants to go to college can make so.

Undergraduate Education

American colleges and universities vary a great trade in size. Some colleges have pupil organic structures of merely a few hundred. while some province universities serve more than 100. 000 pupils on several different campuses. At smaller schools. pupils by and large get to cognize their schoolmates and professors better and are less likely to experience lonely and confused. Larger schools offer a greater choice of classs and more activities to go to and take part in. When choosing a college. the pupil must see which type of environment best suits his or her demands. There are two chief classs of establishments of higher acquisition: public and private. All schools get money from tuition and from private subscribers. However. public schools are supported chiefly by the province they’re located in. On the other manus. private schools do non have province support. As a consequence. tuition is by and large lower at public schools. particularly for lasting occupants of that province. Schools can besides be grouped by the types of plans and grades they offer.

The three major groups are community colleges. four-year colleges. and universities. Community colleges offer merely the first two old ages of undergraduate surveies ( the fresher and sophomore old ages ) . The figure of these schools has grown really quickly in the past 40 old ages. In l950. there were approximately 600 in the USA. Today. there are about l. 300. and they serve about five million pupils ( about 55 % of all college freshers ) . Most community colleges are public schools. supported by local and/or province financess. They serve two general types of pupils: ( a ) those taking the first two old ages of college before reassigning to a four-year school for their 3rd and 4th ( junior and senior ) old ages ; and ( B ) those enrolled in one- or biennial occupation preparation plans. Community colleges offer proficient preparation in many countries of survey. such as wellness services. office accomplishments. computing machine scientific discipline. outlining. constabulary work. and automotive fix. Newcomers to the USA frequently ask. “Exactly what is the difference between a college and a university? ” Some assume that the difference is simply one of size. but it is much more than that. A university is bigger than a college because the range of its plans is much greater. A university offers a wider scope of undergraduate plans and besides offers graduate surveies.

Part of the duty of a university is to promote its module and its alumnus pupils to make research that will progress human cognition. Colleges. on the other manus. are chiefly undergraduate schools with no committedness to develop pupils for research. Many first-class colleges are broad humanistic disciplines schools. which means that they offer surveies in the humanistic disciplines. linguistic communications. mathematics. societal scientific disciplines. and scientific disciplines. Broad humanistic disciplines colleges by and large do non offer grades in technology. concern. news media. instruction. and many other specific careers that a pupil can develop for at a university. However. pupils at a broad art colleges ( like college pupils elsewhere ) still major in a specific country of cognition. Some colleges specialize in preparation pupils for one peculiar business ( as agricultural colleges and teacher’s colleges do ) . Many specialised undergraduate establishments that are non called colleges besides provide higher instruction in one specific business – for illustration. conservatories for music pupils. seminaries for pupils of faith. and all right humanistic disciplines schools for creative persons.

For those wishing to fix for military callings. the United States authorities maintains four particular academies. At the college degree. the academic twelvemonth is about nine months long ( normally from September until early June or from late August until May ) . After finishing four academic old ages with acceptable classs in an sanctioned class of survey. the pupil earns a bachelor’s grade. Some pupils complete college in less than four old ages by go toing summer Sessionss. At most colleges. the academic twelvemonth is divided into either two or three footings. excepting the summer session. College classs. from highest to lowest. run A. B. C. D. and F. An F is a neglecting class ; if a pupil receives an F in a peculiar class. he or she does non acquire recognition for holding taken the class. College pupils must keep at least a low C norm in order to stay in school.

Alumnus Education

American universities offer three chief classs of alumnus grades. In most Fieldss of specialisation. a master’s grade can be earned by one or two academic old ages of survey beyond the bachelor’s grade. A Ph. D. grade ( Doctor of Philosophy ) normally takes at least three old ages beyond the master’s. To gain a Ph. D. in about any field. by and large the pupil must go through unwritten and written scrutinies in his or her forte. bring forth a long research paper which makes an original part to his or her field of survey. and base on balls reading scrutinies in one or two foreign linguistic communications. There are besides graduate professional grades in medical specialty. dental medicine. and jurisprudence. among other Fieldss. In recent old ages. the alumnus pupil population has become much more diversified than even before. It now includes more adult females. foreign pupils. minority group members. older pupils. and parttime pupils. Besides. the assortment of degree plans offered has expanded greatly. Today’s graduate pupils can take from about l. 000 types of master’s grades and about 60 types of doctor’s degrees.

LIFE ON AN AMERICAN CAMPUS

A college community is an interesting and lively topographic point. pupils become involved in many different activities – extracurricular. spiritual. societal. and athletic. Among the extracurricular activities are college newspapers. musical organisations. dramatic nines. and political groups. Many spiritual groups have their ain meeting topographic points. where services and societal activities can be held. Most colleges have a pupil brotherhood. where pupils can acquire together for tiffin. survey Sessionss. club meetings. and socialising. At many schools. campus life revolves around fraternities ( societal and. in some instances. residential nines for work forces ) and sororities ( similar nines for adult females ) . These organisations exist on more than 500 campuses. The best known are national groups with chapters at schools throughout the state. Their names are Grecian letters. such as Alpha Delta Phi. Athletics is an of import portion of life on most campuses. Most co-ed and men’s schools belong to an athletic conference. The squads within the conference drama against each other. taking for the conference title. Football is the college athletics which arouses the most national involvement.

Games. complete with pupil processing sets and amusement. are major productions. Other athleticss – peculiarly hoops. swimming. and path — are besides pursued with enthusiasm. Some schools have competitory tennis. skiing. seafaring. wrestle. association football. baseball. and golf. Is it merriment to be a college pupil in the United States? For most pupils. the college old ages are exciting and honoring. but they are surely non easy or unworried. Just about all college pupils face the force per unit area of doing of import calling determinations and some anxiousness about scrutinies and classs. Many pupils have extra jobs — excessively small money. non adequate clip for slumber. and a feeling of solitariness because they’re populating far from place.

Still. many Americans look back on their college old ages as the happiest clip of their lives. When pupils live on campus in college residence halls. they make really close friendly relationships. Sometimes a pupil is fortunate plenty to happen a member of the school’s module that takes a personal involvement in his or her academic calling. Some pupils. when returning to their college campus in the autumn. experience that they are coming back to their 2nd place. Many alumnuss feel great trueness to their former schools and. throughout their lives. they cheer for their school’s athletic squads and donate money to assist the establishment expand and modernize. American alumnuss refer to the school they attended as their alma mater ( a Latin look intending furthering female parent ) . This look indicates how much the college experience means to pupils. and how much they feel their school contributed to their lives.

Financing A COLLEGE EDUCATION IN THE USA

College costs really rather a spot. depending upon the type of school attended. For illustration. at many of the more expensive private schools. one-year costs ( including tuition. room. board. books. travel to and from place. and other disbursals ) may transcend $ 20. 000. Of class. public universities are much cheaper. At these schools. tuition is significantly higher for out-of province pupils than it is for those whose lasting abode is within that province. Tuition at community colleges averages about half the in-state cost of public. four-year colleges and universities. For those that can non afford the cost of a college instruction. fiscal assistance is the reply Students in the USA receive about $ 20 billion per twelvemonth in fiscal assistance. In recent old ages. about 75 $ of pupils in postsecondary plans have been having some signifier of fiscal assistance. There are three chief types of fiscal assistance: ( a ) scholarships ( grants ) . which are gifts that pupils do non refund ; ( B ) loans to pupils and/or their parents ; and ( degree Celsius ) pupil employment ( work/study ) . a parttime occupation which the school gives the pupil for the academic twelvemonth. Most fiscal assistance is need-based ; that is. lone pupils who need the money receive it. Fiscal aid to outstanding pupils who do non necessitate the money ( normally called merit-based assistance ) is limited.

The financess for all of this assistance semen from three chief beginnings – the federal authorities. province authoritiess. and private subscribers. Every American college and university has a fiscal assistance office to assist pupils happen out what sort of assistance they might be eligible for and to help them in finishing the complicated application signifiers. Foreigners who are lasting occupants in the USA are eligible for authorities aid. but foreign pupils ( 1-20 visa pupils ) are non. Troubles in doing terminals run into create serious jobs for many pupils. Some — particularly those with duties to assist back up a household — attempt to work full-time while transporting a full academic class burden. They forget to go forth themselves clip to eat. slumber. and merely unrecorded. These pupils shortly discover that they are seeking to manage excessively much. and that an dog-tired individual performs ill both on the occupation and in the schoolroom. College counselors can assist pupils who need to work out a program to feed the household and go to college at the same clip.

LIFELONG LEARNING

In the USA. the instruction of grownups goes on in many different topographic points for many different grounds. At least 25 million grownups ( about l3 % of the grownup population ) are enrolled in categories. about all as parttime pupils. Most of these categories are non for college recognition but for cognition that the pupils can utilize on the occupation. for occupation promotion. to prosecute a avocation. or for personal growing. Programs normally called grownup instruction or go oning instruction are operated by many high schools and community colleges. In recent old ages. private acquisition centres have besides opened up. offering cheap categories for grownups in a broad assortment of accomplishments and activities. A typical catalogue might offer categories in how to cook a Chinese dinner. put in the stock market. better your spelling. do friends. or even give your spouse a message. Many grownups enjoy taking categories where they can larn something new and besides fitting people who portion this new involvement. Many more categories are taken at the workplace.

Hospitals. concerns. and museums. for illustration. offer courses to assist employees better job-related accomplishments. Some companies. instead than run their ain categories. will offer to pay the tuition if an employee goes back to school to larn a accomplishment that the company needs. In the USA. where engineering quickly makes some accomplishments disused and new 1s indispensable. workers at all degrees realize that life-long acquisition is necessary. Even professional people — physicians. instructors. comptrollers. tooth doctors. and applied scientists – continue to analyze to maintain up with new techniques in their Fieldss. Education. whether it occurs on the college campus or elsewhere. is an of import component in the life of an American grownup. The American dream of going of import in one’s calling and financially successful is most frequently achieved through instruction.

GUIDING Ideas
Entree to Education

The American educational system is based on the thought that as many people as possible should hold entree to every bit much instruction as possible. This fact entirely distinguishes the U. S. system from most others. since in most others the aim is every bit much to test people out as it is to maintain them in. The US system has no standardized scrutinies whose consequences consistently prevent pupils from traveling on to higher degrees of survey. as the British and many other systems do. Through secondary school and sometimes in post-secondary establishments as good. the American system attempts to suit pupils even if their academic aspirations and aptitudes are non high. even if they are physically ( and in some instances mentally ) handicapped. and even if their native linguistic communication is non English. The thought that as many people as possible should hold every bit much instruction as possible. is. of class. an result of the Americans’ premises about equality among people. These premises do non intend that everyone has an equal chance to come in Harvard. Stanford. or other extremely competitory post-secondary establishments. Admission to such establishments is by and large restricted to the most academically able. The less able can normally matriculate in a post-secondary establishment. but one of lower quality.

All-around people
The American educational system seeks to turn out “well-rounded people” . Such people might hold specialised cognition in some country. but they are all expected to hold a general familiarity with many subjects. Having passed through a system that requires them to analyze some mathematics. some English. some humanistic disciplines. and some societal scientific discipline ( and possibly a foreign linguistic communication ) . they presumptively have an array of involvements and can understand information from many Fieldss of survey. Thus. specialization in the American system comes subsequently than it does in many other systems. Students are required to take classs that they themselves might non be interested in and that might non hold any evident relationship to their calling aspirations.

Although non an “ideal” . there is a concluding sentiment that must be taken into history as one tries to understand the American educational system. That sentiment is anti-intellectualism. Most Americans are leery of speculating and “intellectualizing” . They want to see practical consequences from clip and money spent. Secondary school and university alumnuss are expected to be all-around to an extent. but non to the extent that they can non make anything “useful” . Americans are unimpressed by most acquisition that is done merely for the interest of larning. They have no general fear for university instructors who live in an “ivory tower” that is divorced from the existent universe.

SOCIAL FORCES AFFECTING AMERICAN EDUCATION
A few facets of the societal context in which American instruction operates are deserving adverting. The first has to make with the societal position or grade of regard ascribed to people who are involved in instruction. American instructors ( that term normally applies to people who teach in kindergarten through class 12. the concluding class in secondary school ) do non bask high position in the society. Respondents to a recent Gallup Poll placed instructors good below doctors. reverends. and bankers in footings of their prestigiousness or position in the community. Judges. attorneies. and public school principals were besides rated above instructors. Funeral managers and local political office-holders were seen as holding about every bit much prestigiousness or position as instructors did. Teachers are non good paid. Their on the job conditions are normally less comfy than those of workers in many other countries. They are non every bit good respected. as are people who really “do” something instead than “just” Teach. Nor are college and university professors by and large held in the high respect they are in many other states. There are some exclusions — chiefly those who have made peculiarly notable parts to science ( non the humanistic disciplines. normally. because the humanistic disciplines are non “practical” ) — but professors are frequently viewed as people who are learning because they are non capable of making anything else.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
From what has been said above. many of the American educational system’s advantages and disadvantages become clear. The system provides formal instruction for a comparatively big part of the population. but the quality of that instruction is non every bit high as it might be if the system were more selective. ( Most experts agree that people who earn Ph. D. grades in the United States are every bit good prepared to work in their subjects as are people who earn Ph. D. s in other systems. Below the Ph. D. degree. though. many systems offer more deepness in students’ chosen subjects than the American 1 does. The system’s decentralization serves to insulate educational establishments from national political webs and give citizens some voice in what happens in their local schools. Schools can modify their course of study to suit demands and conditions that pertain merely to their ain countries. On the other manus. the decentalisation makes it comparatively easy for an out-spoken and committed minority in a given community to embroll local schools in contention.

The decentalisation besides makes it possible for peculiar schools to keep low criterions if they wish or experience compelled to make so. “Well-rounded” people. such as those the American system hopes to bring forth. stand a better opportunity of going “good citizens” ( as the Americans use that term ) since they have a general acquaintance with many subjects and can maintain themselves informed about affairs of public policy. On the other manus. all-around people might non be every bit good equipped to get down working in specific businesss because they have non learned as much in school about specific countries of enterprise as have pupils whose systems permitted earlier and more intensive specialisation. The American educational system. like any other. is integrally related to the values and premises of the society that surrounds it. American thoughts about equality. individuality. and freedom underlie the educational system. Whatever its advantages and disadvantages. the system will retain its current general features every bit long as the values and premises that predominate in the environing society continue to keep away.

Reading Comprehension Check
1. Why do many Americans want to have college or university instruction? 2. What establishments provide post-school instruction in the USA? 3. What are some differences between a ) a community college and a four-year college ; B ) a four-year college and a university? 4. What grades are available at broad humanistic disciplines colleges?

5. Make American populace colleges and universities charge tuition? 6. What activities do American pupils frequently become involved in during their undergraduate old ages? 7. How do you understand the undertaking of American higher instruction to bring forth “well-rounded” people?

3. Complete the sentences given below by utilizing the indispensable vocabulary. a ) The chief topic in which an American pupil specializes
is called his … ; B ) a subordinate topic that an American pupil is larning is his … ; c ) the four old ages of surveies at American universities have their traditional names. They are … ;

vitamin D ) the academic twelvemonth in the USA colleges consists of two signifiers ( semesters ) which are called… ;
vitamin E ) subjects that are non mandatory for survey are described by Americans as … classs ;

4. Here are a few words to depict the British university life. Supply the footings that render similar impressions in American English
honour’s topic
subordinate topic
optional class
hall of abode
5. Fill in the spaces with prepositions
1 ) In the USA today … 75 per cent … occupations require some instruction or preparation … high school
2 ) Today more than half … American high school alumnuss enroll … college. 3 ) All schools get money … tuition and … private subscribers. 4 ) Community colleges offer proficient preparation … many countries … survey. 5 ) At many schools campus life revolves … fraternities and sororities. These organisations exist … more than 500 campuses. The best known are national groups … chapters … schools … the state. 6 ) The less able can normally matriculate … a post-secondary establishment.

6. Translate into English
1. Ó÷åáíûé ãîä â âóçàõ ÑØÀ âêëþ÷àåò îñåííèé è âåñåííèé ñåìåñòðû . 2. Äâóõãîäè÷íûå êîëëåäæè îáåñïå÷èâàþò îáó÷åíèå ïî ïðîãðàììå ïåðâîãî è âòîðîãî êóðñîâ . Çàòåì ìíîãèå ñòóäåíòû ïåðåâîäÿòñÿ â ÷åòûðåõãîäè÷íûé êîëëåäæ . ÷òîáû çàêîí÷èòü òðåòèé è ÷åòâåðòûé êóðñû . 3.  ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ êîëëåäæàõ ïëàòà çà îáó÷åíèå íèæå . ÷åì â ÷àñòíûõ . îñîáåííî äëÿ æèòåëåé äàííîãî øòàòà . 4. Âî ìíîãèõ óíèâåðñèòåòñêèõ ãîðîäêàõ åñòü êëóáû äëÿ ñòóäåíòîâ–ìóæ÷èí . à òàêæå êëóáû ñòóäåíòîê . Íåêîòîðûå èç íèõ èìåþò ôèëèàëû â íåñêîëüêèõ óíèâåðñèòåòàõ .

7. Read the text given below and acquire ready to talk about the jobs that American college freshers have to get by with.

COLLEGE IS NOT HIGH SCHOOL

A college is an “academic” universe. and shortly makes itself felt as such. The introductory period. when the fresher learns something about the physical location of residence hall. library and schoolrooms. may be short or drawn-out. but when categories start he recognizes that he is faced with serious concern. Scheduling alone makes far-reaching new demands on the fresher. Most categories in high school meet every twenty-four hours. In college. every bit much as a hebdomad may divide the Sessionss of a peculiar class. Assignments are increased proportionally. and the pupil finds himself with the job of be aftering to get the hang a much larger section of the term’s work before the following talk or treatment can state him how productively he has spent his clip. “Budgeting clip was a terrific problem” . writes a male child in a big university.

“I used to be an atrocious postponer. and when I thought I had several yearss to fix an assignment. the enticement to go forth it till the last minute was about overpowering. ” How make the freshers behave when asked to confront the complexnesss of a university library? One fresher miss gave her reaction: “This was the job — to be able to happen beginnings of the necessary information. and besides. from the many books and chapters. to be able to pull out of import and pertinent information. My high school failed in that the assignments were excessively definite. ” This remark on the length and comprehensive quality of the college assignment is typical. How to listen to a talk or how to form and retrieve stuff from a treatment or a laboratory experiment besides present jobs. A major demand felt by freshers about term scrutiny clip is “that old job. slumber. ” ( from “College Freshmen Speak Out” prepared by Agatha Townsend ) .

8. Render the article in English:
Âûñøåå îáðàçîâàíèå â ÑØÀ ïðåäñòàâëåíî â îñíîâíîì òðåìÿ òèïàìè ó÷åáíûõ çàâåäåíèé – óíèâåðñèòåòàìè . ÷åòûðåõãîäè÷íûìè è äâóõãîäè÷íûìè êîëëåäæàìè . ×èñëî óíèâåðñèòåòîâ ñðàâíèòåëüíî íåâåëèêî : âñåãî 4 % îò îáùåãî êîëè÷åñòâà âóçîâ . Îäíàêî â ýòèõ êðóïíûõ íàó÷íûõ è ó÷åáíûõ öåíòðàõ ñêîíöåíòðèðîâàíî îêîëî 50 % ñòóäåíòîâ . 40 % óíèâåðñèòåòîâ – ÷àñòíûå . Íàèáîëåå ïðåñòèæíûìè óíèâåðñèòåòàìè ñ÷èòàþòñÿ Ñòýíôîðäñêèé . Ãàðâàðäñêèé . Éåëüñêèé è Ïðèíñòîíñêèé . Íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûé òèï âóçà â ÑØÀ ( 57 % îò îáùåãî ÷èñëà ) – ÷åòûðåõãîäè÷íûé êîëëåäæ .  íèõ îáó÷àåòñÿ 14 % ñòóäåíòîâ . Òðè ÷åòâåðòè ýòèõ ó÷åáíûõ çàâåäåíèé – ÷àñòíûå . Äâóõãîäè÷íûå êîëëåäæè ñîñòàâëÿþò 39 % îò îáùåãî êîëè÷åñòâà âóçîâ ÑØÀ . íà èõ äîëþ ïðèõîäèòñÿ 37 % ñòóäåíòîâ . Òàêèå êîëëåäæè áûâàþò äâóõ âèäîâ – ïåðåõîäíûå è òóïèêîâûå . Ïåðâûå îáåñïå÷èâàþò ïîäãîòîâêó íà óðîâíå 1–ãî è 2–ãî êóðñîâ âûñøåé øêîëû è äàþò âîçìîæíîñòü ïðîäîëæèòü îáó÷åíèå â ÷åòûðåõãîäè÷íûõ êîëëåäæàõ èëè óíèâåðñèòåòàõ . âòîðûå – èìåþò ïðîôåññèîíàëüíóþ îðèåíòàöèþ è ïðåäíàçíà÷åíû äëÿ ïîäãîòîâêè ñïåöèàëèñòîâ ñðåäíåãî çâåíà äëÿ “ìåñòíûõ” íóæä .

 óñëîâèÿõ áîëüøîãî ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ ó÷åáíûõ çàâåäåíèé . âõîäÿùèõ â ñèñòåìó âûñøåãî îáðàçîâàíèÿ . â ÑØÀ íå ñóùåñòâóåò åäèíûõ òðåáîâàíèé ïðèåìà ( õîòÿ íåêîòîðûå èñòîðè÷åñêè ñëîæèâøèåñÿ îáùèå ïîëîæåíèÿ îõâàòûâàþò âñþ ñèñòåìó îáðàçîâàíèÿ â íàöèîíàëüíîì ìàñøòàáå ) . Ïî óðîâíþ òðåáîâàíèé . ïðåäúÿâëÿåìûõ ê àáèòóðèåíòàì . âóçû ÑØÀ ïîäðàçäåëÿþòñÿ íà 6 ãðóïï .  ïåðâóþ âõîäÿò 20 íàèáîëåå ïðåñòèæíûõ âóçîâ . â ïîñëåäíþþ – â îñíîâíîì äâóõãîäè÷íûå êîëëåäæè .  âóçû ïåðâîé ãðóïïû ïðèíèìàþòñÿ âûïóñêíèêè ñðåäíåé øêîëû . èìåþùèå âûñîêèå îöåíêè â ñâèäåòåëüñòâå îá åå îêîí÷àíèè . òî åñòü ïî ñóòè âîøåäøèå â ÷èñëî 10–20 % ëó÷øèõ ó÷åíèêîâ êëàññà .  êàæäîé íèæåñòîÿùåé ãðóïïå âóçîâ òðåáîâàíèÿ ê àáèòóðèåíòàì ñîîòâåòñòâåííî íèæå ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ áîëåå “âûñîêîé” ãðóïïîé . Ïðèåì â äâóõãîäè÷íûå êîëëåäæè – îòêðûòûé . çäåñü òðåáóåòñÿ òîëüêî ñâèäåòåëüñòâî îá îêîí÷àíèè ñðåäíåé øêîëû .

Ïðè ïîñòóïëåíèè â âóç àáèòóðèåíò äîëæåí ïîäàòü çàÿâëåíèå . ïðåäñòàâèòü ìåäèöèíñêóþ ñïðàâêó . óïëàòèòü âñòóïèòåëüíûé âçíîñ . Áîëüøîå âíèìàíèå óäåëÿåòñÿ ñîáåñåäîâàíèþ . îáðàùàåòñÿ âíèìàíèå íà ó÷àñòèå â ðàáîòå íàó÷íî–òåõíè÷åñêèõ êðóæêîâ . îáùåñòâåííûõ îðãàíèçàöèé . ñïîðòèâíûõ êëóáîâ è õóäîæåñòâåííîé ñàìîäåÿòåëüíîñòè .  ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâ èãðàþò ðîëü ðåêîìåíäàöèè ó÷èòåëåé øêîëû ïî ïðîôèëèðóþùèì ïðåäìåòàì . Êàê ïðàâèëî . àáèòóðèåíòû . ïîäàþò çàÿâëåíèÿ ñðàçó â íåñêîëüêî ó÷åáíûõ çàâåäåíèé ( íî íå áîëåå 4–-5 ) . Âñòóïèòåëüíûõ ýêçàìåíîâ â àìåðèêàíñêèõ âóçàõ íåò . Îäíàêî ïðåäâàðèòåëüíî àáèòóðèåíòó ÷àñòî ïðèõîäèòñÿ ïðîéòè âñå æå ñâîåãî ðîäà ýêçàìåíû â ôîðìå òåñòîâ . îðãàíèçîâàííûå ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííûìè îðãàíèçàöèÿìè . íàïðèìåð . ïî ìåñòó æèòåëüñòâà . Ðåçóëüòàòû òåñòèðîâàíèÿ íàïðàâëÿþòñÿ â ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèå âóçû . Ñäà÷à òåñòîâ íà÷èíàåòñÿ óæå â 11–ì êëàññå ñðåäíåé øêîëû ( â ÑØÀ –- äâåíàäöàòèëåòíåå ñðåäíåå îáðàçîâàíèå ) .

Äîêóìåíòû îò àáèòóðèåíòîâ ïðèíèìàþòñÿ ñ îêòÿáðÿ ïî ìàðò . Äëÿ óñòðàíåíèÿ âîçìîæíîñòè çà÷èñëåíèÿ îäíîãî è òîãî æå ñòóäåíòà â íåñêîëüêî âóçîâ îäíîâðåìåííî . ââåäåí åäèíûé äåíü çà÷èñëåíèÿ –- 1 ìàÿ . ( Òàêèì îáðàçîì . â àìåðèêàíñêèå âóçû àáèòóðèåíò ìîæåò áûòü çà÷èñëåí . áóäó÷è åùå ôàêòè÷åñêè ó÷åíèêîì ñðåäíåé øêîëû ) . Ïðàêòèêóåòñÿ è òàê íàçûâàåìîå ðàííåå çà÷èñëåíèå . êîãäà íàèáîëåå ñïîñîáíûå ó÷åíèêè ñòàíîâÿòñÿ ñòóäåíòàìè åùå îñåíüþ –- â íà÷àëå ïîñëåäíåãî . 12–ãî ãîäà îáó÷åíèÿ . (  ýòîì ñëó÷àå îíè ïðîõîäÿò êàê ïðîãðàììó ñðåäíåé øêîëû . òàê è ïðîãðàììó ïåðâîãî ãîäà îáó÷åíèÿ â âóçå ) .  öåëîì æå ïðèåì ñòóäåíòîâ ïî÷òè çà ïîëãîäà äî íà÷àëà çàíÿòèé ïîçâîëÿåò âóçó îöåíèòü áóäóùèé êîíòèíãåíò ó÷àùèõñÿ è ñîîòâåòñòâåííî ïîäãîòîâèòüñÿ ê åãî âñòðå÷å . Çàíÿòèÿ â âûñøåé øêîëå ÑØÀ íà÷èíàþòñÿ â êîíöå àâãóñòà – ñåíòÿáðå .

( Àðãóìåíòû è Ôàêòû )
9. Questions for Discussion
cubic decimeter ) Should higher instruction be competitory to bring forth rational elite or should it give a opportunity to all who want to seek it?
2 ) Where would you prefer to have higher instruction in the USA? the U. K. ? Belarus? Why?