Stage Models in Health Promotion Essay Sample

Underliing premises of TMC:
1. No individual theory histories for all behavior alteration.
2. Behavior alteration unfolds over clip.
3. Phases are both stable and unfastened to alter.
4. Without planned intercession. populations will stay involved in early phases.
5. The bulk of at hazard population non ready for action.
6. Specific procedures and rules of alteration demand to be applied at specific phases.
7. Behavior is non random. Chronic behaviour forms are under some jazz band of biological. societal. psychological influences.
8. Behavioral alteration typically consists of several efforts. Person may come on. backslide. and rhythm and recycle through phases.

THE STAGES OF CHANGE ; TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL OF CHANGE
PRECONTEMPLATION ( Personal computer ) : Peoples have no purpose of altering ( within following 6 minute ) . CONTEMPLATION ( C ) : People engage in cognitive procedure. Decisional balance. which represents mental deliberation of pros and cons assoc with altering behaviour ( similar to benefits and barriers ) . Procedure begins with prefering cons. Clearly deductions for behavior alteration intercessions are based on: ( 1 ) heightening perceptual experiences of the advantages of altering behaviour. ( 2 ) minimising perceptual experience of barriers to following these behavioural alterations. PREPARATION ( PR ) : Peoples intend to follow new behaviour in immediate hereafter ( within following month ) . ACTION ( A ) : Peoples have made specific open alterations in their life styles within past 6 minute. Behavioral alteration has frequently been equated with action.

However. non all alterations qualify as action. Ex-husband: promoting smoke surcease. merely entire abstention counts. Care: ( M ) : concluding phase. Peoples still work to forestall backsliding. Do non necessitate to use alteration procedure every bit often as do people in action phase. Specified behaviour for 6 minute or longer. TMC supports the thought procedure of behavior alteration is “evolutionary. non revolutionary” . Backsliding may be less of import than the phase individual relapses to. Health publicity attempts may include phase motion as a end. Phase matched intercessions can be deemed successful even in the absence of permanent behavior alteration if phase patterned advance is achieved. so stage patterned advance therefore becomes a utile result in measuring wellness attempts. Phase Duplicate:

Major premiss of TMC.
Ex-husband: Joe and Sally both fume. would wish to discontinue. Joe may hold thought about discontinuing but have non made any active attempts to seek professional aid: CONTEMPLATION phase. Sally has tried to discontinue but to no help: PREPARATION phase. For Joe following phase is PREPARATION. For Sally. following phase is ACTION. Once we know person’s phase. diverse array of STRATEGIES will be used to advance coveted behavior alteration. Procedure of Change: ( poc )

Defined as indispensable rules that promote alteration. Intervention schemes that help modify a person’s thought. feeling. or behavior constitute a alteration procedure. Procedures are the existent mechanisms or drivers. impeling forward patterned advance through the phases of alteration. finally the elimination/adoption of behaviours. 1. Conscious raising: increasing consciousness about wellness damaging effects of peculiar behaviour. 2. Dramatic alleviation: green goodss increased emotional consciousness or anxiousness followed by alleviation if appropriate action taken. 3. Self-reevaluation: combines both cognitive and effectual appraisal of one’s ego image in concurrence with given wellness behaviour. ( ex: corpulent individual seeing themselves thin ) . 4. Environmental reevaluation: combines both affectional and cognitive appraisal of how the presence or absence of a certain wellness behaviour affects one’s societal environment. ( antique: effects of 2nd manus smoke on others ) .

5. Self release: both the belief that one can alter and the committedness and recommitment to move on that belief. ( ex: by doing a public proclamation about the purpose to alter behaviour ) . 6. Helping relationships: combine lovingness. trust. openness. and credence every bit good as support for the healthy behaviour alteration. ( ex: happening a work-out brother ) . 7. Counterconditioning: replacing healthier get bying schemes for unhealthy 1s. Requires larning new behaviours that can function as replacements for unhealthy behaviours. 8. Eventuality direction: ( besides known as reinforcement direction ) provides effects for taking stairss in peculiar way. Trusting on wagess more effectual. 9. Stimulus control: removes cues for unhealthy behaviour and adds cues that support acceptance and care of healthy behaviours. ( ex: non walking by bakeshop. holding exercise places. apparels in bag ) . 10. Social release: focal points on using / increasing societal chances that support wellness promoting behaviour alteration. ( ex: cont protagonism at national. province. local degrees ) . Stage – lucifer intercessions:

Matching schemes to phases of person’s preparedness.
In early phases. people apply cognitive. affectional. and appraising procedures to come on through the phases. in ulterior phases people rely more on committednesss. conditioning. eventualities. environmental controls. and support for come oning toward maintained behavior alteration. Phase Passage: precontemplation to contemplation

Procedure of Change: consciousness raising. dramatic alleviation. self- reevaluation. environmental reevaluation. Stage Passage: contemplation to readying
Procedure of Change: self-reevaluation. environmental reevaluation. self release. ego efficaciousness. stimulus control. Stage Passage: readying to action
Procedure of Change: ego release. elf efficaciousness. stimulus control. counterconditioning. assisting relationships. Phase Passage: action to maintenance
Procedure of Change: stimulation control. counterconditioning. assisting relationships. reinforcement direction. IT IS IMPORTANT NOT TO EQUATE PROCESS OF CHANGE WITH TECHNIQUES USED TO ENHANCE/PROMOTE EACH OF THE PROCESSES. Techniques are schemes. methods. or planned activities used to magnify a procedure of alteration. ( table 6. 4 ) p. 118. Extra TMC Concepts:

1. Decisional balance: reflects an single comparative deliberation of the pros and cons of altering his or her behaviour. ( ex: Joe wants to discontinue smoke. but to Joe smoking provides emphasis alleviation ) . Goal is to maximise pros of following new wellness behaviour or extinguishing bad behaviour. STRONG PRINCIPLE OF PROGRESS: pros of wellness behaviour alteration must increase about one standard divergence. Weak Principle: cons of wellness behaviour alteration must diminish by one-half standard divergence. 2. Self-efficacy: consists of CONFIDENCE-individual’s ability to get by with high hazard state of affairss without get worsing to unhealthy behaviours. Temptation: strength of impulses to prosecute in specific behaviour when confronted with ambitious state of affairss. RESILIENT SELF-EFFICACY has been used to depict people with sufficiently high degrees of ego – efficaciousness. ( p. 119 ) THE PRECAUTION ADOPTION PROCESS MODEL

Second MAJOR STAGE THEORY IN FIELD OF HEALTH PROMOTION.
-The cardinal difference between TMC and PAPM is accent placed on intrapsychic constructs in PAPM and more diffused accent on environmental factors in TMC. ( p. 121 ) see Stage theories must include. Phases in PAPM: Table 6-5 ( p122 )

Phase 1: unaware of wellness hazard.
Phase 2: unengaged by wellness hazard.
Phase 3: make up one’s minding about moving.
Phase 4: decided non to move.
Phase 5: decision making to move
Phase 6: playing.
Satge 7: care.
Harmonizing to PAPM. PRECONTAMPLATION phase can be divided into: ( 1 ) . Unaware of issue. ( 2 ) . Unengaged by issue. Difference between 2 phases is merely self perceptual experience. OPTIMISTIC BIAS: people do non see themselves as being vulnerable to the inauspicious effects of health-risk behaviours as their equals who engage in same hazard behaviour. In PAPM. individual who attempts and so culls change is resolved by phase “decides non to act” . Important difference between TMC and PAPM is that PAPM does non order alteration procedure. See table 6-6 ( p. 124 ) Progressing through the phases of PAPM