Structuralism Case Essay Sample

Structuralism was founded by E. B. Titchener but merely lasted two decennaries because of newer motions in the psychological science ; nevertheless it was still know as the first school of idea. Structuralism is a manner of thought and a method of analysis practiced in the 20-centruy societal scientific disciplines and humanistic disciplines ; it focuses on repeating forms of idea and behaviour. it seeks to analyze societal relationships in footings of extremely abstract relational constructions. In other words structural linguistics is a survey based on 1s unconsciousness and observation. the things a individual does. the manner a individual acts in his/her society. which is acted out unconsciously.

Although there is a difference between who is really the laminitis of structural linguistics between Wundt and Titchener it is still considered a great part to psychological science. Psychologist like James Gibson felt that his coevals had no purposes of utilizing the theory or method of structural linguistics. Just like many things in life structural linguistics was besides criticised. “structuralism provided a strong. established orthodoxy against which freshly developing motions in psychological science could range their forces” ( Schultz. 2011 ) . All people think in to footings of antonyms so as to classify-meaning we must be able to separate between our witting and unconscious behaviors. Functionalism

Functionalism is concerned with the maps of the head and how the organisms adapt to its environment ( Schultz. 2011 ) . It is something that we use in our mundane lives. Our heads maps harmonizing to what environment we are in. so our organic structures react. To assist with the apprehension of how functionalism works here is an illustration: take for case you put some figures into a reckoner to be added ( 15+7 ) . On one degree what is go oning in the reckoner is dependent on the hardware ; on the other degree the calculator’s ciphering the reply. But we have to retrieve that a reckoner. computing machine. etc. is merely every bit smart as the individual inputting the information. what you put in is what you get out. Worlds and animate beings use functionalism from twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours. in my sentiment it’s a affair of endurance.

We can take the reckoner illustration and interpret it into footings of the encephalon. Mental provinces are dependent upon encephalon provinces in the same manner that the map of a reckoner is dependent on who is inputting the information to acquire the right reply and the hardware of the reckoner. As Darwin stated. “a go oning battle for endurance takes topographic point. and those life signifiers that do last are the 1s that have made successful versions or accommodations to the environmental fortunes to which they are exposed. In brief. species that can non accommodate do non survive” ( Schultz. 2011 ) . “ Behaviorism

“Behaviorism is the philosophical place that says that psychological science. to be a scientific discipline. must concentrate its attendings on what is discernible — the environment and behaviour — instead than what is merely available to the single — perceptual experiences. ideas. images. feelings” ( Boeree. 2000 ) . I would state that behaviourism decidedly has a batch to make with more than scientific discipline. your ideas. images. feelings and things that we learn are from what you feel therefore it determines how we behave as human existences or animate beings. However. Watson’s behaviourism was that of the first phase in the development of the behavioural school of idea. Behavior can be described and explained without doing mention to mental events or to internal psychological procedures. Take for illustration Hans the Wonder Horse. who was the lone Equus caballus in the history of psychological science. Hans was able to add and deduct due to a behaviour that he learned which made him celebrated. Behaviors are caused by state of affairss that we deal with day-to-day. Ivan M. Sechenov stated ; “all behaviour is caused by stimulation” ( Boeree. 2000 ) . There are ethical and unethical grounds to modify a person’s behaviour. Gestalt psychological science

Gestalt psychological science was founded by Germans. Max Wertheimer. Wolfgang Kohler and Kurt Koffka. Being discovered. Gestalt psychological science has made important parts to the survey of perceptual experience. acquisition and societal psychological science. This psychological science has several principals. and a therapy. Gestalt psychological science came approximately in the nineteenth century with its chief focal point being that of elementistic nature of the work of Wundt. It is a school of idea that looks at the human head and behaviour as a whole. Gestalt psychological science was emerged as a response to Wilhelm Wundt’s structural linguistics. It utilizes the brain’s inclination to seek a whole in order to understand its parts. Many psychologists after Wundt and Titchener set out to turn out their theories incorrectly. “Gestalt psychologists believe that there is more to perception than meets the oculus. In other words. our perceptual experience goes beyond the centripetal elements. the basic physical informations provided to the sense organs” ( Schultz. 2011 ) . The encephalon decidedly has a inclination both to perceive groupings as wholes and to make full in spreads in order to understand parts. Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis is a system that is the individual most influential theory of psychotherapeutics in our clip. As a therapy depth psychology is based on observation that persons are frequently incognizant of many factors that determine their emotions and behaviour. It is the first dynamic theory of personality that negotiations about displacing. quashing. denying. venting. and regressing ; about the unconscious ; and about the significance of dreams. “Psychoanalysis convergences psychology’s other schools of thought” ( Schultz. 2011 ) . Psychoanalysis has many different attacks or theories that assisted people or patients with their jobs. although some were inhumane there were some that were the entire antonym.

This school of idea besides consists of three types of related activities. a method of research into the human head. a systematic accretion of a organic structure of cognition about the head and a method of intervention of psychological or emotional upsets. However. one of the depth psychology that stood out for me was that of free association. in my personal sentiment this can be used for so many different state of affairss that will really assist a individual get over state of affairss that affect their lives negatively. You merely necessitate to be able to sit down and allow it all out to person who has an unfastened head and will non judge you irrespective of your state of affairs. I would be honorable and admit that it worked for me when I felt like I was in the lowest point in my life. I’m a individual that normally keeps things bottled up indoors and so finally lash out on person who decided to force the incorrect button.

Failures of Psychology
If it’s one thing that I have learned in life is that you learn more from failures than success. Each psychologist that we have read about has learned from the other person’s failure and that’s why psychological science has evolved so much in my sentiment. There were many failures in psychological science. but there were a few that stood out to me. Although all psychologists tried to turn out the other incorrect they were all headed down the same way with merely a few minor alterations and that’s how the different schools of ideas were established. Most psychologists were interested in how the encephalon maps. The history of psychological science to me seemed to be a large competition to see who can out reflect who. For illustration. “although Titchener was a loyal follower of Wundt he dramatically altered Wundt’s system of psychological science when he brought it from Germany to the United States” ( Schultz. 2011 ) .

I besides feel that the experiment that was done to Little Albert was a failure in the history of psychological science. The experiment or experiments that were conducted on Little Albert were really unethical and may hold messed with him throughout his full life. As a consequence to this experiment Little Albert was afraid of white objects. whether it was a rat. coney or a Santa Clause face fungus. Another thing that I consider as a failure in psychological science is that of Sigmund Freud who has information in respects to psychology but will non be released until subsequently many old ages subsequently. for illustration a missive from one of Freud’s wise mans can non be released or unfastened until the twelvemonth 2102. It makes you sit and inquire what is so of import or what type of information is being withheld and how far psychological science could hold been if this information was revealed before. Besides psychologists like John B. Watson who decided to fire his letters and notes which will be lost in history forever may hold been a greater part to the history of psychological science.

Success of Psychology
One of the major successes in the history of psychological science was that of development. Development was that as worlds and animate beings we adapt to our milieus. This is still 100 % effectual in today’s universe. For illustration. I presently live in the U. S. Virgin Islands and if I have to travel to the chief land I would hold to accommodate to the alteration of conditions in order to last. As Darwin stated. “a go oning battle for endurance takes topographic point. and those life signifiers that do last are the 1s that have made successful versions or accommodations to the environmental fortunes to which they are exposed. In brief. species that can non accommodate do non survive” ( Schultz. 2011 ) . I besides think that free association which is a portion of depth psychology is besides a major success in the history of psychological science because this is besides being used today by head-shrinker to assist patients acquire to solutions of their jobs.

Another achievement for the history of psychological science is that of Mary Cover Jones. when she helped Peter to acquire over his frights. I can appreciate psychological science and psychologists when it is really good to the patient and non merely making it because they merely want to carry on an experiment. I understand that is has to be done. but I feel it should be done when it is consensual. Psychology is non merely approximately conducted experiments. Today we see psychology in schools to assist with kids whether they are troubled or they merely necessitate some counsel. We see the usage of psychological science in the felon system where we have psychiatrist seeking to acquire to the root of the job as to why a condemnable act was committed. Another success in the history of psychological science is that of leting adult female to take part. psychologist like Titchener encouraged and supported this motion.

Contemplation
I would wish to work with handicapped kids from a really immature age and get down to acquire them prepared for the life that they have in front of them. I would learn them how to go independent at a really immature age so they wouldn’t have to depend on anyone. I will hold follow-up Sessionss to see how things are come oning in their twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours lives. Parents would besides hold to be involved but would hold to understand that they can’t continue to menace the kids as though they can’t do things for themselves. As they get older they will be trained in the work force and how it feels to populate entirely. These are trials that would hold to be conducted so I can see where betterments need to be made and receive input from others. I would name it pscyhobehaviorsim. I would besides wish to work with immature troubled kids to acquire to the path of their jobs and behaviour forms.

For illustration. I was informed by a parent that his kid got into some problem at school for illegal activities. The parent besides informed me that the kid has everything he needs and wants ; so the inquiry would be to that kid. what happened that made your behavior form alteration? What I have realized turning up is that kids are afraid to travel to their parents and speak to them about most things that happen in their mundane life because they fear the wrath of their parents. After acquiring the kid to sit down and speak to me about all the issues that have been trouble oneselfing them besides known as free association I will schedule a meeting with the parents to ramble on their memory and pin point the clip of their child’s behaviour alteration. has the kid been hanging out with a new crowd. these are some of the things that we look for. I will besides hold a agenda meeting with both parent ( s ) and child so everything can be worked out. I plan to maintain the history of psychological science alive and go on to larn from our establishing male parents. Psychologists have been around for decennaries carry oning experiments to assist people and that is a bequest that I will go on to transport out.

Mentions

Schultz. D. P. and Schultz. S. E. ( 2011 ) . A History of Modern Psychology. Tenth Edition. Belmont. CA. Wadsworth. Cengage Learning.

Boeree. C. G. ( 2000 ) . Behaviorism. Retrieved January 21. 2012 from URL hypertext transfer protocol: //webspace. ship. edu/cgboer/beh. hypertext markup language.
Thornton. S. ( December 29. 2010 ) . Freud Sigmund. Retrieved January 23. 2012 from URL hypertext transfer protocol: //www. iep. utm. edu/freud/