Western and Eastern Europe Essay Sample

Where and when did the Kush and Axum civilisations develop. and what were their major industries for trade? The Kush and Axum civilisations developed to the South of Egypt in the upper ranges of the Nile river. Kush developed at about the same clip as ancient Egypt. and at one point around 750 B. C. E. really conquered it. Less than a hundred old ages subsequently. nevertheless. Kush retreated southerly back to its capital at Meroe. where it became the centre of ironworks and trade. After the Kush diminution around 200 C. E. . another imperium. Axum. rose to greatness to the South. Although Axum ne’er conquered any other civilisation. it traded with them often. particularly ivory and gold. In the 4th century. Axum converted to Christianity. and in the 7th century. many converted to Islam.

These transitions illustrate that people of Axum were in changeless contact with the imperiums of the Mediterranean universe. And that contact has had a long-standing impact. Ethiopia’s big Christian community in the present times is a direct consequence of the Axum transition. 28. Why were Muslim bargainers interested in merchandising with Western African Kingdoms? In Ghana ( about 800-1000 c. e. ) and Mali ( about 1200- 1450 c. e. ) . there were dozenss and dozenss of gold. So the Islamic bargainers kept coming. The changeless trade brought more than Islamic goods to Ghana and Mali ; it brought Islam. For Ghana the consequence was lay waste toing. The imperium was subjected to Holy War led by an Islamic group purpose on change overing ( or else killing ) them. While Ghana was able to get the better of the Islamic forces. the imperium fell into a diminution. By the clip Mali came to power. the part had converted to Islam anyhow. this clip in a more peaceable passage. 29. When and where did the Aztecs live?

The Aztecs. besides known as the Mexica. arrived in cardinal Mexico in the Mid-1200s and built their capital at Tenochtitlan. More than anything else. the Aztecs are known for the expansionist policy and professional ground forces. which allowed them to rule nearby provinces and demand heavy revenue enhancements and prisoners. Through conquering and confederations. the Aztecs built an imperium of some 12 million people. But despite the immense size. they didn’t use a bureaucratic signifier of authorities. The conquered countries were by and large allowed to regulate themselves. every bit long as they paid the testimonial demanded of them. Roadss were built to associate the widespread countries of the immense imperium. and trade flourished.

Compare and contrast the Aztecs and Romans with regard how they expanded their imperiums and how they treated their topics. Although the Aztecs and Romans developed big civilisations. continents and centuries apart. they were similar in at least two major facets. First. they tied together their huge imperiums by constructing roads. Second. they by and large allowed the people they conquered to regulate themselves. every bit long as they paid their revenue enhancements or testimonials. Because of the improved transit systems such as roads and the diverseness of civilizations under their control. both the Aztecs and Romans were able to accommodate thoughts from people they conquered and utilize them for their ain intents. In other words. the Aztecs and the Romans were vanquishers. but besides borrowers. 31. When and where did the Incas live?

The Inca Empire. set in the Andes Mountains in Peru. was besides expansionist in nature. At its zenith. it is thought to hold controlled more than 2. 000 stat mis of South American coastline. The Inca’s controlled this district utilizing a professional ground forces. an established bureaucratism. a incorporate linguistic communication. and a complex system of roads and tunnels. 33. Name 8 major trade paths and recognize their immense function in cultural diffusion. * The Medditerean trade between Western Europe. the Byzantine Empire. and the Islamic imperium.

* The Hanseatic League.
* The Silk Road which was used to a great extent once more from about 1200 C. E. until about 1600 c. vitamin E.
* The land paths of the Mongols.
* Trade between China and Japan.
* Trade between India and Persia.
* The Trans-Saharan trade paths between West Africa and the Islamic Empire.

Who were the major participants in Indian Ocean trade?
The Persians and the Arabs dominated the Indian Ocean Trade. Their trade paths connected ports in Western India to ports in the Persian Gulf. which in bend were connected to ports in Eastern Africa. Unlike boats that were used on the Mediterranean sea. boats that sailed the Indian Ocean were. needfully. more resilient to the big moving ridges common in those Waterss. The bargainers learned to understand the monsoon seasons and way of the air currents. and scheduled their ocean trips consequently. Despite these troubles. the Indian Ocean trade paths were comparatively safe. particularly when compared to those on the Mediterranean. where changeless warfare was a job. 35. The Silk Road spread which specific faiths. which engineerings and merchandises. and used to a great extent by which group from 1200-1600? The Silk Road connected China to the Medditerean civilizations even manner back in the earlier yearss of the Roman Empire. The Silk Road was used to a great extent once more from about 1200c. e. until about 1600 c. e. . during the reign of the Mongols.

The Silk Road carried so much more than silk. it carried porcelain and paper. It carried faiths. such as Buddhism. Islam. and Christianity. It carried nutrient. Because it extended so far and was used for so long. it’s safe to state that East met West on the Silk Road. 36. How did the Hanseatic League construct up the European center category? The Hanseatic League was a aggregation of city states in the Baltic and North Sea parts of Europe that banded together in1241 to set up common trade patterns. fight off plagiarists and foreign authoritiess. and basically establishes a trade monopoly from the part to much of the remainder of the universe. The consequence was tremendous for two grounds. First. it resulted in significant in-between category in Northern Europe. a development that would drive alterations in that part in ulterior centuries. Second. it set a case in point for big. European trading operations that deeply affected the Dutch and English. which would besides deeply impact the universe in ulterior centuries. 37. Name 8 ways that faith and imperium expanded through civilization clang during this period. * The Mongol enlargement into Russia. Persia. India. and China. * The Germanic folks into southern Europe and England

* The Vikings’ enlargement from Scandinavia into England and Western Europe.
* The Magyars’ push from Eastern Europe into Western Europe.
* The Islamic empires push into Spain. India. and Africa.
* The Crusades
* Buddhist missionaries to Japan.
* Orthodox Christian missionaries into Eastern Europe.

The enlargement of the faith and empires taking to cultural contact. or the comparative isolationism resulted under the feudal systems in Europe and Japan. Another manner to encapsulate this period ; a clip fueled by conquering and spiritual enlargement. 38. List 10 major technological developments of the Islamic World and China. Islamic World China. Paper Millss ( from China ) Gunpowder cannons Universities Moveable type Astrolabe and sextant Paper currency Algebra ( from Greece ) Porcelain Chess ( from India ) Terrace farming Modern soap expression Water-powered Millss Guns and cannons ( from China ) Cotton sails Mechanical pendulum clock Water clock Distilled intoxicant Magnetic compass Surgical instruments ( syringe etc. ) State-run mills

Compare/contrast women’s position in Europe. Islam. India. and China. Women’s status’s were similar in certain facets and differed in others. Womans in Europe and India shared a similarity in which they were in rigorous patriarchal caste systems. when in Islam adult females had equality in faith but in a separate mosque. and China had rigorous Confucian societal order and guidelines for virtuous behaviours. In Europe adult females were able to inherit land and take curses of serfdom. but belongings belonged to their hubby. in Muslim civilization they received half heritage of male kids. in India they had arranged kid matrimonies. and in China entree to doweries and owned concerns. China relates to Indian. European. and Muslim instruction because in India and Europe the instruction was limited but in Islam had a literate society and China had both limited instruction and a literate society.