TitleThe Effects Of Prenatal Exposure To Music
Title: The Effectss Of Prenatal Exposure To Music On Children & # 8217 ; s IntelligenceIntroduction: Essay, Research Paper
The experiment that I wish to carry on is the consequence of antenatal exposure to audio stimulation on a kid & # 8217 ; s overall intelligence. There have been many surveies over the past decennary about the relationship between music and intelligence. Emily P. Cary ( 1987 ) discovered a correlativity between talented pupils and music. Students who were exposed to classical music at a immature age had better coordination accomplishments, mental ability, and job work outing ability in comparing to those that did non hold the exposure to music at a immature age.Psychologists have traditionally accepted that memory begins at about old ages of age. However, with the coming of ultrasounds, in uteri proctors, and fiber optics telecastings, there has been important grounds that larning Begins in the uterus. In 1982, Dr. Brent Logan ( 1995 ) developed the pre-learning theory, which will be used in the experiment that I wish to conduct.Dr. Brent ( 1995 ) suggested that toward the terminal of gestation, there is a continual loss of foetal encephalon cells. The loss of encephalon cells consists after birth, but ceases at an unspecified clip in the months after a kid is born. Dr. Logan wanted to see if there was a manner in which the encephalon cell loss can be slowed after birth. Dr. Logan conducted an experiment with 12 babies in 1986. Over a period of three old ages, he exposed the babies to sonic stimulation daily. He found that the group of kids that were stimulated after birth had better memories and coordination when compared to those that did non hold sonic stimulation. Based on this experiment, the loss of encephalon cells is considered a natural phenomenon, yet with sonic stimulation and environmental enrichment, the encephalon cells did non decease, but increased neurology within the experimental group.One of the most cited research workers on antenatal stimulation is the psychologist Beartiz Manrique. Dr. Manrique conducted an experiment in Caracas, Venezuela called & # 8220 ; Project Family. & # 8221 ; She was one of the first physicians to prove Dr. Logan & # 8217 ; s pre-learning on foetuss alternatively of babies. The & # 8220 ; Project Family & # 8221 ; has been the largest experiment of its sort. It consisted of 680 households. The 680 households were divided into control groups and experimental groups. The end of the survey was to prove the pre-learning theory, and to analyse the relationship between stimulation in uterus babes and kid development, household integrating, wellness and education.The survey population consisted of Venezuelan female parents between the ages of 18 and 26. The participants had to all be first clip female parents, of the same socio-economic position, and had to hold an obstetrician certify their gestation as healthy. The adult females besides had to perpetrate to patronize visits to a selected OB-GYN to enter the patterned advance of the gestation and the fetus.The participants were really divided into four groups, two experimental groups, and two control groups. The experimental group had to execute a antenatal plan, neonatal plan designed by Dr, Manrique and other specializers. The female parents of the babies besides had to do subsequent visits to the physician until the kid reached the age of six old ages old.Dr. Manrique found from birth, there was a difference between the babes born in the experimental group and those that were born in the control group. Babies from the experimental group were more watchful, attempted to turn their caputs at the sound of their parents & # 8217 ; voices over all ambient noises, and they recognized music that was played while they were still in the uterus. Babies that had been prenatally stimulated besides seemed to be more societal. Overall, the kids that received antenatal stimulation did better at the activities that Dr. Manrique had provided to prove her topics. The deliberate audio stimulation ended one time the kids reached one twelvemonth of age, but the kids were observed continuously until they reached the age of six.
Aim
The intent of my experiment would be to use Dr. Logan & # 8217 ; s pre-learning theory to babies at the 16th hebdomad of gestation every bit good as the 27th hebdomad of gestation. Most research on antenatal baby stimulation has been conducted at the twenty-seventh hebdomad of gestation.
( Logan 1995 ) This is the period when Dr. Manrique conducted her experiment every bit good. Since foetuss begin to develop the sense of hearing around the 16th hebdomad of gestation, it would be interesting to see if the foetal encephalon cell decease could be stopped earlier, hence farther increasing intelligence in kids, comparative to the kids who were exposed to audio stimulation at the twenty-seventh hebdomad of gestation. By get downing with foetuss every bit immature as 16 hebdomads, the pre larning theory may be revised to include foetuss every bit immature as 16 or 17 hebdomads. The hypothesis that I intend to prove is that pre natal babies at the 17th hebdomad of gestation exposed to audio stimulation in the signifier of classical music will hold better cognitive ability than those foetuss exposed toward the terminal of gestation. I besides hypothesize that those kids prenatally stimulated will hold better cognitive accomplishments when compared to kids that have non been stimulated.
Experimental Design, Measurement of variables
For the experiment, I need 80 adult females to take part in the survey. These adult females will be divided into a control group and experimental group. The groups will so be subdivided once more to make two experimental groups and two control groups. There will be 20 adult females per group. Both experimental groups will hold their foetuss exposed to audio stimulation, in the signifier of classical music for 40 proceedingss a twenty-four hours. The adult females in experimental group A will get down stimulation at the 17th hebdomad of gestation, and the adult females in experimental group B will get down their foetal stimulation at the twenty-seventh hebdomad of gestation. The adult females will enter their day-to-day stimulation and foetal activity in a diary. The adult females in the control group will be asked to maintain a diary as good. On a bi hebdomadal footing, the adult females in all groups will see the research centre to give their diaries to the lab staff. The staff will execute an extremist sound to detect the foetuss of all groups to detect the motions of the fetuses.Measurement of intelligence will dwell of three sets of trial given every six months until the kids reach the age of six. Each sets of trial will match to the appropriate age. There will be trials for the neonatal period, the infant period, and the yearling period and the early childhood period. Over the testing period the research worker will necessitate to utilize both quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis to find the effects, and if possible, to what grade does classical music stimulation have an consequence on the overall intelligence of kids take parting in the experiment from ages 0 to 6 old ages old.The adult females who participate in this experiment must be U.S. citizens every bit good as be married. They must be pregnant with their first kid. The adult females should besides be between the ages of 23 and 30. The participants must hold their gestation certified as healthy by their ain physician, every bit good as physicians take parting in this peculiar experiment. All households take parting in this experiment should be in the middle-income scope, as determined by the Internal Revenue Service graduated table of income ranking.This is a between groups experiment. The independent variable is the antenatal gestation period at the 17th and 27th hebdomads of gestation. The 2nd independent variable is whether the foetus receives audio stimulation. The dependent variable is the degree of intelligence, measured through trials. Some variables that may impact the result of the experiment are maternal emphasis. Pregnancies can be aggravated by emphasis caused by a high emphasis occupation or other personal jobs such as nerve-racking personal relationships. Another confusing variable is that some foetuss may hold familial or rational defects that may non be noticeable until after birth. The control variables are the participants because they all meet the same standard. There is besides the same figure of participants in the control groups and the experimental groups.
ReferencesCary, P. ( 1987 ) . Music as a Prenatal and Early Impetus to Enhancing Cognitive Skills. Roeger Review, 9, 155-158Logan, Brent ( 1995 ) Fetal Sonic Stimulation, Royal College of General Practitioners, Office Reference Book, LondonManrique, Beatriz Proyecto Familia, Summary and Translation hypertext transfer protocol: //www.2bparent.com/research.html.
